论营商环境供给指标下我国动产担保登记制度的完善  

On the Improvement of China's Personal Security Interest Registration System under the Background of Business Enabling Environment Assessment

作　　者：郭佳玮 GUO Jiawei

机构地区：[1]大连大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2023年第6期139-153,共15页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：世界银行于2023年正式启动新营商环境供给项目Business Ready,比照“金融服务”主题各级评估指标,我国动产担保登记制度虽有进步,但仍存亟待完善之处。动产担保合同要求对担保财产的概括描述达到“合理识别”标准,但动产担保登记仅起到警示效果而不影响担保物权设立,故可采低于担保合同标准即仅包括财产类型的单一要素概括描述模式即为已足。动产抵押财产被添附后抵押权效力延伸,若添附物归属第三人所有,则适用担保物权物上代位性,抵押权自动取得对抗第三人的效力,若添附物全部或部分所有权归属抵押人,则适用抵押权追及效力,取得对抗效力以原抵押登记对抵押财产概括描述可以合理识别添附物为限,亦当要求添附物为特殊动产或不动产时在登记簿为抵押权二次登记。此外,也应针对动产担保登记所采声明登记制与单方申请制,明确登记机构的服务型职能,并对其赔偿责任做出限制。The World Bank officially launched the New Business Enabling Environment Assessment Project‘Business Ready'in 2022.According to the evaluation indicators at all levels of the‘Financial Services topic,progress has been made in China's personal security interest registration system,but much remains to be improved urgently.The personal security contract requires a general description of the security assets that meets the standard of"reasonable identification",but the registration of personal security only serves as a warning and shall not affect the creation of the security interest.Therefore,a general description model that merely includes the type of assets-below the standard of the personal security contract-can be adopted as sufficiency.After the chattel mortgage asset is attached as accession,the validity of mortgage extends.If the accession belongs to a third party,the subrogation of the security interest is applicable and the mortgage automatically becomes valid against the third party.If all or part of the ownership of the accession belongs to the mortgagor,the retroactive effect of the mortgage is applicable.The validity of the mortgage depends on whether the accession can be reasonably identified in the general description of the mortgage asset in the original mortgage registration,and the mortgage shall be re-registered in the register if the accession is a special movable or immovable.In addition,according to the notice filing and unilateral application adopted by the registration of personal security interest,the service-oriented functions of the registration authority should be clarified,and their liability for compensation should be limited.

关 键 词：营商环境评估 动产担保登记 概括描述 抵押财产被添附 登记机构 

分 类 号：D922.291[政治法律—经济法学]