解释论下遗嘱信托规则的展开  

Rules of Testamentary Trust by Interpretation of Law

作　　者：姜雪莲[1] JIANG Xuelian

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2023年第6期215-230,共16页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“大陆法系框架下信义义务的法理研究”(项目号:20FFB055)的部分研究成果。

摘　　要：在民法典中,遗嘱信托是与遗嘱继承、遗赠并列的财产处分制度,信托受托人应与遗嘱继承人、受遗赠人按比例在信托财产范围内清偿遗产债务。遗嘱信托中信托受托人或受益人往往又是继承人、受遗赠人,原则上不应因一种身份而影响另一种身份,在法律适用上多是排除适用。但继承规则与信托规则存在交错,在具体规则上兼任两者作出解释:遗嘱信托在遗嘱生效时成立,受托人的承诺是受托人义务的起点,非遗嘱信托成立、生效的起点。受托人基于法律行为的物权变动取得信托财产,并非遗嘱信托设立时发生物权变动,在信托财产转移给受托人之前,信托财产名义归属于继承人,由遗产管理人管理,遗产管理人有义务将信托财产转移给受托人。遗嘱信托也要受必留份的约束,遗嘱信托在侵害必留份范围内无效。Testamentary trust is a property disposal system that is parallel to testate succession and legacy in the Civil Code.The estate and debts within the scope of the trust property shall be paid by the trustee of the trust,the testamentary successor and donee-by-will in proportion to the shares each of them has received.In testamentary trusts,the trustee or beneficiary of the trust is often the successor or donee-by-will.In principle,multiple identities shall not affect each other,and in legal application,it is often excluded.However,there is an intersection between succession rules and trust rules.Thus,specific rules shall be explained by both of the rules:a testamentary trust is established when the will becomes effective,and the trustee's acceptance is the starting point of the trustee's obligations,not the the establishment and effectiveness of the testamentary trust.The trustee obtains the trust property based on an alteration of real rights through juristic acts,which does not occur during the establishment of a testamentary trust.Before the trust property is transferred to the trustee,the trust property is managed by the estate administrator in the successor's name,and the estate administrator has the obligation to transfer the trust property to the trustee.Testament trusts also need to be bound by the statutory share of an estate,and testament trusts that infringe upon the statutory share are invalid.

关 键 词：特留份 遗嘱信托 遗赠 继承 

分 类 号：D922[政治法律—法学]