“有毒”中药生物碱类成分的毒性及代谢研究进展  

Advances on toxicity and metabolism of alkaloids from the"toxic"traditional Chinese medicines

作　　者：陈岩 唐莹莹 杨莉[1] 熊爱珍[1,2] 王峥涛 CHEN Yan;TANG Ying-ying;YANG Li;XIONG Ai-zhen;WANG Zheng-tao(The MOE Key Laboratory for SCMTA of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China;Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学中药研究所,中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨上海市复方中药重点实验室,上海201203 [2]上海中药标准化研究中心,上海201203

出　　处：《药学学报》2023年第11期3285-3295,共11页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金(20ZR1473300,23ZR1463200);上海市人才发展资金(2020099);上海市卫计委三年行动计划[ZY(2021-2023)-0215];上海中医药大学“杏林学者”计划(B1-GY21-409-04-06)。

摘　　要：中药的“毒性”、安全性问题已成为舆论关注的焦点。生物碱(alkaloids)是许多种常用中药的主要药效成分,很多生物碱类成分在较低的浓度表现出很强的生物活性;但如使用不当,也会引发毒副作用。这些生物碱类既是中药的“活性”成分又是“毒性”成分,相关中药的安全性尤其值得注意。生物碱作用于有机体所产生的药效或毒副作用,可能是原型成分及代谢产物共同作用的结果,既与化合物的结构类型有关,还具有明显的生物种属差异。本文以《中华人民共和国药典》中“有毒”中药所含生物碱类成分为研究对象,查阅近20年来中外文献,归纳、评述不同结构类型的代表性生物碱的代谢途径及代谢机制,以期为含有此类成分中药的临床用药的安全性和有效性提供参考。The"toxicity"and safety of traditional Chinese medicines have been seriously concerned.Alkaloids are the main pharmacodynamic components of many kinds of traditional Chinese medicines,which show strong biological activity at low concentration.It will also cause toxic side effects but if used improperly.Some alkaloids are both active and toxic,and the safety of related traditional Chinese medicines is particularly noteworthy.The efficacy or toxicity of alkaloids may be the result of the combined action of parent compounds and metabolites,which is not only related to the structural types of compounds,but also has obvious species differences between humans and animals.This review focused on the alkaloids contained in the"toxic"traditional Chinese medicines that are officially recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the metabolism patterns of alkaloids with different structures as well as the enzymes involved were summarized and discussed by referencing the publications in recent two decades.The present study will be beneficial to the rational use of these traditional Chinese medicines in clinic.

关 键 词：中药安全性 生物碱 药物代谢 减毒 代谢酶 

分 类 号：R917[医药卫生—药物分析学]