化学诱变获得甘蓝型油菜矮秆突变新种质  

New dwarf mutants of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)induced by chemical mutagenesis

作　　者：郎春秀[1] 刘仁虎[1] 郑滔[1] 王伏林[1] 石江华[2] 胡张华[1] 吴关庭[1] LANG Chunxiu;LIU Renhu;ZHENG Tao;WANG Fulin;SHI Jianghua;HU Zhanghua;WU Guanting(Institute of Virology and Biotechnology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院病毒学与生物技术研究所,浙江杭州310021 [2]浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第11期2516-2524,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(Z306077)。

摘　　要：油菜矮秆种质资源的发掘与创制对于培育株高适度矮化、抗倒性强、高产稳产、适合于机收的新品种具有重要意义。本研究利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯处理甘蓝型油菜品种浙油50种子诱发获得两个矮秆突变体3060和4036,其株高分别为74.5 cm和72.0 cm,株型紧凑直立,苗期和成熟期诸多表型特征以及种子脂肪酸组成和含油量等品质性状发生了显著变化。遗传分析结果初步表明,两矮秆突变受单个隐性基因或隐性主基因控制,不存在细胞质效应。光暗处理条件下,两突变体幼苗形态建成正常,推测其矮化机制不涉及油菜素内酯途径。喷施不同浓度外源赤霉素可显著促进两突变体幼苗下胚轴伸长,但均不能使下胚轴长度恢复到原亲本的水平,表明矮秆突变的发生可能与赤霉素信号传导过程中的变异有关。两突变体所具有的一些重要特征特性赋予其一定的利用价值。The discovery and creation of dwarf germplasm resources of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)are of great significance for developing new varieties with moderate plant dwarfing,strong lodging resistance,high and stable yield,and good suitability for mechanized harvesting.In this study,two dwarf mutants 3060 and 4036 were obtained by treating seeds of Brassica napus cultivar Zheyou 50 with the chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulphonate(EMS).The two mutants were 74.5 cm and 72.0 cm in plant height respectively,all with a compact and upright plant type.Many phenotypic characteristics at seedling and maturation stages as well as quality traits including seed fatty acid composition and oil content in the two mutants were significantly changed compared with the original parent.The results of genetic analysis preliminarily showed that the two dwarf mutations were controlled by a single recessive gene or a recessive major gene without cytoplasmic effects.Seedling morphogenesis of the two mutants was normal under light and dark conditions,suggesting that their dwarfing mechanism was unrelated to brassinosteroids pathway.Seedling hypocotyl elongation of the two mutants could be significantly promoted by spraying different concentrations of exogenous gibberellin,but hypocotyl length could not be restored to the level of the original parent,indicating that the occurrence of dwarf mutations might be related to variation(s)in the gibberellin signal transduction pathway.The two dwarf mutants were believed to have a certain utilization value because of their some important characteristics.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 甲基磺酸乙酯 矮秆突变体 遗传分析 赤霉素 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]