二十七种槭属植物表型多样性分析  

Phenotypic diversity in 27 Acer species

作　　者：翟艺兰 张楚磊 楚爱香[1] 高俊鸽 夏晴情 卢志昌 ZHAI Yilan;ZHANG Chulei;CHU Aixiang;GAO Junge;XIA Qingqing;LU Zhichang(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学园艺与植物保护学院,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第11期2621-2635,共15页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：云南省极小种群野生植物综合保护重点实验室基金课题(PSEPS2021F05)。

摘　　要：探讨以质量性状和数量性状为依据对槭属植物种质资源多样性进行评价的可行性,为槭属植物种质资源评价和新品种选育提供参考。采集27种槭属植物的60个质量性状和13个数量性状数据,并通过赋值法对质量性状指标进行分级,在对所有表型性状进行多样性分析和部分数量性状进行单因素方差分析的基础上,对数据进行主成分分析和系统聚类分析。结果表明,槭属植物数量性状的多样性指数、变异程度均较质量性状高。单因素方差分析结果表明,测定的11个数量性状指标在27种槭属植物种间的差异性达到了极显著水平(P<0.001)。叶柄长度、小坚果长、翅果长宽比、单叶长宽比、单叶宽和小坚果厚度的变异系数较大,花瓣数和花萼数量的遗传特性相对稳定。遗传多样性指数结果表明,槭属是一个形态上存在较高分化水平的类群,绝大多数性状在组间和种间均存在着广泛的变异。主成分分析将73个表型性状指标转化为13个主成分,13个主成分可反映27种槭属植物表型性状的主要特征信息。对27种槭属植物73个性状的原始数据进行标准化转换,利用欧氏距离、运用组间连接法进行系统聚类分析,可将其聚为3大类;槭属植物的一级分类标准是叶型,二级分类标准是开花时间,三级分类标准是花序着生位置、花性、花序类型、单叶裂片数和叶缘特征。研究结果表明,以质量性状调查为依据,结合对数量性状的观测分析槭属植物种质资源多样性并进行评价是可行的。To explore the feasibility of evaluating the diversity of Acer germplasm resources based on qualitative and quantitative traits,and to provide reference for the evaluation of Acer germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties,the data of 60 qualitative traits and 13 quantitative traits of 27 Acer species were collected,and the quality trait indexes were graded by assignment method.On the basis of diversity analysis of all phenotypic traits and one-way ANOVA of some quantitative traits,the data were analyzed by principal component analysis and systematic cluster analysis.The diversity index and variation degree of quantitative traits of Acer were higher than those of qualitative traits.The results of one-way ANOVA showed that the index differences of 11 quantitative traits among 27 Acer species reached a significant level(P<0.001).The variation coefficients of petiole length,nutlet length,samara length width ratio,single leaf length width ratio,single leaf width and nutlet thickness were abundant,and the genetic characteristics of petal number and calyx number were relatively stable.The results of genetic diversity index showed that Acer was a group with high differentiation level in morphology,and most traits had extensive variation between groups and species.Further principal component analysis was carried out,and 73 phenotypic character indexes were transformed into 13 principal components.These 13 principal components could reflect the main characteristic information of phenotypic traits of 27 Acer species.The original data of 73 traits of 27 Acer species were standardized,and they were clustered into 3 groups by Euclidean distance and intergroup connection method.It was found that the first classification standard of Acer species was leaf type,the second classification standard was flowering time,and the third classification standard was inflorescence location,flower sex,inflorescence type,number of single leaf lobes and leaf margin characteristics.It is feasible to analyze and evaluate the diversity

关 键 词：槭属植物 表型多样性 质量性状 数量性状 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S792.35[农业科学—林木遗传育种]