基于灰岩动态力学特性的自由面机械破岩方法  

Free Surface Mechanical Rock Breaking Method Based on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Limestone

作　　者：尚凤川 池秀文[1,3] 董浩然 谢宇 张迪[1,3] 马荣玖 SHANG Fengchuan;CHI Xiuwen;DONG Haoran;XIE Yu;ZHANG Di;MA Rongjiu(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Tianjin Mining Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 301999,China;Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Processing of Mineral Resources and Environment,Wuhan,Hubei 430o70,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]天津矿山工程有限公司,天津301999 [3]武汉理工大学矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,酒湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2023年第11期195-201,共7页Mining Research and Development

摘　　要：露天石灰石矿山的开采受到岩石力学特性、安全、环境等众多因素影响。为了实现露天石灰石矿山的非爆规模化连续开采,提高机械开采的生产效率,通过霍普金森压杆试验系统和现场工业试验,研究了岩石力学特性、冲击应变率、自由面数量等对硬岩破碎特性的影响。研究结果表明:灰岩试样在受到冲击时的屈服强度随着冲击气压和应变率的增加而增大,试件整体和单位体积吸收的能量均与入射能呈现出很强的线性相关;预先开挖自由面能够解除该方向的受限应力,同时临空面数量的增加,可使待破碎区岩石的可破碎性得到提高;提出了非爆开采坚硬灰岩的机械破岩改善方法。现场工业试验证明:在工作面底部预先切割布置自由面后,再利用液压破碎锤破岩,可大幅度提高生产效率,现场试验中破岩效率从35.9 t/h提高到118 t/h。The mining of open-pit limestone mines is affected by many factors,such as rock mechanical properties,safety,environment and so on.In order to realize the non-blasting large-scale continuous mining of open-pit limestone mines and improve the production efficiency of mechanical mining,the influences of rock mechanical properties,impact strain rate and number of free surfaces on the crushing characteristics of hard rock were studied by Hopkinson pressure bar test system and field industrial test.The results show that the yield strength of the limestone specimen increases with the increase of the impact pressure and strain rate,and the energy absorbed by the whole and unit volume of the specimen shows a strong linear correlation with the incident energy.Pre-excavation of the free surface can relieve the confined stress in this direction,and the increase of the number of empty face can improve the fragmentation of the rock in the area to be broken.The improvement method of mechanical rock breaking of hard limestone in non-explosive mining was put forward.The field industrial test proves that the production efficiency can be greatly improved by cutting the free surface at the bottom of the working face in advance and then breaking the rock with hydraulic breaking hammer.The rock breaking efficiency in the field test has been increased from 35.9 t/h to 118 t/h.

关 键 词：坚硬灰岩 机械破岩 霍普金森压杆 岩石动态力学特性 非爆开采 

分 类 号：TD876.3[矿业工程—非金属矿开采]