种子传播提高生物多样性的机制  

The mechanisms of seed dispersal in improving biodiversity

作　　者：杨鹏 何志 胡军和[2] 金晨钟[2] 刘勇波[1] Yang Peng;He Zhi;Hu Junhe;Jin Chenzhong;Liu Yongbo(State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Process and Functional Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control,Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology,Loudi 417000,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [2]湖南人文科技学院农田杂草防控技术与应用协同创新中心,娄底417000

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2023年第5期1244-1253,共10页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006);湖南人文科技学院研究生科研创新项目(ZSCX2021Y41)。

摘　　要：种子是保存物种遗传信息的载体,保护种子资源是植物保护和生物多样性保护的重要内容。种子传播不仅对保护植物自身的繁殖和生存至关重要,而且对群落稳定甚至生态系统功能具有重要意义。该文综述了种子传播的方式、干扰因素以及种子传播通过提高生物多样性来促进植物保护的机制,即丰富的生物多样性降低了病虫害对植物的危害。种子传播易受人为活动和气候变化等因素干扰传播媒介和破坏生境;需要采取构建廊道等措施来降低因生境破碎化引起的负面影响。种子传播提高生物多样性的机制主要通过增加基因交流来提高遗传多样性,通过增加种子扩散效率和存活率等来提高物种多样性、稳定群落结构和通过连通生境斑块来提高生态系统多样性。因此,构建基于生态系统的种子传播网络对保护生物多样性具有重要意义。Seeds are vectors of genetic information of species,and protecting seed resources is an important part of plant protection and biodiversity conservation.Seed dispersal is crucial not only to the reproduction and survival of plants but also to community stabilization and even ecosystem function.Here,we review the dispersal ways of seeds and factors of affecting seed dispersal,and mechanisms in improving biodiversity to facilitate plant protection,for rich biodiversity can reduce damage from pests and diseases.Human activities and climate change are major factors that affect seed dispersal,which can affect media and destruct plant habitats.It is necessary to take measures such as building corridors to reduce negative impacts caused by habitat fragmentation.The mechanisms of seed dispersal in improving biodiversity include improving genetic diversity through increasing the frequency of gene exchange,improving species diversity through increasing the dispersal efficiency and viability of seeds,and improving ecosystem diversity through stabling community structure and connecting patchy habitats.We thus proposed that constructing the networks of seed dispersal based on ecosystems in improving biodiversity is of great significance for conserving biodiversity.

关 键 词：物种多样性 种子资源 植物保护 干扰因素 传播机制 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]