芽胞杆菌种衣剂对玉米茎基腐病的防治效果及对玉米的促生作用  

Biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus seed coating agent against maize stalk rot and its growth-promoting effects on maize

作　　者：任璐[1,2] 田舒媛 吕红 殷辉 秦楠[1] 赵晓军 Ren Lu;Tian Shuyuan;Li Hong;Yin Hui;Qin Nan;Zhao Xiaojun(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,太原030031 [2]山西农业大学,农业农村部有机旱作农业重点实验室(省部共建),太原030031

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2023年第5期1358-1367,共10页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDYF117);山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202105D121008-3-3)山西农业大学植物保护学院科研培育创新项目(ZBXY23B-5)。

摘　　要：为明确玉米内生细菌YY4和YG2菌株的生防应用潜力,采用滤纸片法测定两者对禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum和拟轮枝镰孢菌F.verticillioides的抑制作用,结合形态学特征、16S r DNA及gyrA基因序列分析对其进行鉴定,将菌株YY4与YG2的发酵液以体积比4∶1混合,再添加助剂制成生物种衣剂,设置3种药种质量比(1∶40、1∶50和1∶60)进行田间促生作用及防治效果的测定,并分析其对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,YY4菌株对禾谷镰孢菌和拟轮枝镰孢菌的抑制率分别为62.32%和59.83%,YG2菌株的抑制率则分别为63.40%和60.72%;YY4菌株被鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis,YG2菌株被鉴定为耐盐芽胞杆菌B.halotolerans;这2株芽胞杆菌混合制成的生物种衣剂按药种质量比1∶50包衣处理后15 d,玉米的出苗率和株高分别为74.43%和5.16 cm,均显著高于空白对照和化学种衣剂50%克菌丹可湿性粉剂及15.5%福美双·克百威悬浮种衣剂包衣处理;且该处理对玉米茎基腐病的防治效果达68.89%,玉米产量分别较空白对照和15.5%福美双·克百威悬浮种衣剂包衣处理显著提高了26.67%和31.72%。表明芽胞杆菌YY4和YG2混合制成的生物种衣剂在生产上可用于防治玉米茎基腐病。To determine the biocontrol application potential of endophytic bacterial strains YY4 and YG2,filter paper method was used to determine the inhibitory effects of these two strains on Fusarium graminearum and F.verticillioides.The strains were identified based on morphological characteristics,16S rDNA and gyrA gene sequence analysis.Subsequently,the strain YY4 and the strain YG2 were mixed at a volume ratio of 4∶1 and then mixed with adjuvants to prepare biological seed-coating agents.The plant growth-promoting effects and biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus seed-coating agent at three pesticide/seed mass ratios(1∶40,1∶50 and 1∶60)were measured in the field and the maize yield also measured.The results showed that the inhibitory rates of the strain YY4 to F.graminearum and F.verticillioides were 62.32%and 59.83%,and those of the strain YG2 were 63.40%and 60.72%,respectively.The strains YY4 and YG2 were identified as Bacillus velezensis and B.halotolerans,respectively.It was found that the germination rate and plant height of maize seeds treated with Bacillus seed-coating agent(at pesticide/seed mass ratio of 1∶50)were 74.43%and 5.16 cm,significantly higher than those of blank control and with 50%captan WP or 15.5%thiram·carbofuran FS coating.Under this treatment,the control efficacy was 68.89%and the maize yield was significantly higher than those of blank control and 15.5%thiram·carbofuran FS coating,which increased by 26.67%and 31.72%,respectively.The results suggested that the mixed biological seed-coating agent of the strains YY4 and YG2 could be used to control maize stalk rot in the field.

关 键 词：芽胞杆菌 玉米茎基腐病 种衣剂 生物防治 促生作用 

分 类 号：S435.13[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]