官话方言德麦韵演变趋向  

On the Evolutionary Trends of DeMai德麦Final Group of the Early Modern Chinese in Mandarins

作　　者：刘祥柏[1] LIU Xiangbo

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京

出　　处：《方言》2023年第4期445-451,共7页Dialect

摘　　要：本文用《中原音韵》音系框架作为参照,分析官话方言德陌麦韵(简称德麦韵)演变类型以及演变趋向。官话方言德麦韵有分立型与合流型两大类,合流型根据演变合流方向分为齐微型、皆来型、车遮型。北京话白读层为德麦分立型,文读层属车遮型,表面上也与歌戈韵合流,这是由于北京话这种类型的北方官话车遮、歌戈不分所致;车遮、歌戈有别的南方官话德麦韵归车遮韵,而不归歌戈韵。北方官话文读层德麦归车遮源于南方官话德麦归车遮类型的影响。有入声的官话方言德麦韵与山摄薛屑韵合流,而薛屑韵是《中原音韵》车遮韵的主要来源之一。With a reference to the phonological framework of Zhongyuan Yinyun《中原音韵》,this paper analyzes the evolutionary types and trends of DeMoMai德陌麦final group,abbreviated to DeMai德麦final group,in Mandarins.The pronunciations of DeMai德麦final group in Mandarins can be divided into discreteness type and confluence type,the latter of which can be further divided into Qiwei齐微type,Jielai皆来type and Chezhe车遮type.The colloquial stratum of DeMai德麦final group in Beijing dialect belongs to the discreteness type while the reading stratum is of Chezhe车遮type,apparently merging with the GeGe歌戈final group because Chezhe车遮and GeGe歌戈final groups merged in Mandarins in northern China like Beijing dialect.In Mandarins in southern China that Chezhe车遮and GeGe歌戈final groups are independent,DeMai德麦final group merged with Chezhe车遮,but not GeGe歌戈final group.That DeMai德麦final group merged with Chezhe车遮in the reading stratum in Mandarins in northern China is influenced by DeMai德麦final group merging with Chezhe车遮in Mandarins in southern China.In Mandarins that have Entering tone,DeMai德麦final group merged with Xuexie薛屑final group,which is one of the main source of Chezhe车遮final group in Zhongyuan Yinyun《中原音韵》.

关 键 词：官话方言 《中原音韵》 德麦韵 车遮韵 歌戈韵 演变趋向 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]