面向非垄断性旅游资源:乡村旅游地的路径选择与制度演化  

Facing Non-monopoly Tourist Resources:Path Selection and Institutional Evolutionof Rural Tourist Destinations

作　　者：刘婷婷 保继刚[3] LIU Tingting;BAO Jigang(School of Tourism&Research Institute of Human Geography,Xi'an International Studies University,Xi an 710128,China;Key Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience of Language,Xi'an International Studies University,Xi'an 710128,China;School of Tourism Management,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学旅游学院·人文地理研究所,陕西西安710128 [2]西安外国语大学人工智能与语言认知神经科学重点实验室,陕西西安710128 [3]中山大学旅游学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2023年第11期15-27,共13页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“旅游可持续发展与生计-能源-粮食-水的关联研究:过程、机制与多尺度效应”(41920104002);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“乡村振兴背景下非资源垄断型乡村旅游地的制度演化路径及其机制研究”(23YJC630115)共同资助。

摘　　要：乡村旅游资源的非垄断性常使旅游地面临吸引力难以持续、生命周期较短的难题,如何针对非垄断性旅游资源情境,构建行之有效的制度体系,以实现乡村旅游地的良性治理,是当前乡村旅游发展中不容回避的重要话题。文章选取陕西省袁家村为案例地,采取质性研究方法,探讨非垄断性旅游资源情境下,乡村旅游治理相关制度的生成及其演化机制。研究发现,乡村旅游治理相关的制度供给经历了由非正式制度为主向正式制度为主的制度演化过程,其中,非垄断性乡村旅游资源构成制度演化的主导性情境条件,并在各阶段引发不同利益主体产生差异化的制度需求。面对多元利益主体的制度需求,乡村旅游地依赖不同类型权威对其进行整合,最终完成乡村旅游地的制度供给。Non-monopoly resources are resources over which no one actor can establish a monopoly.The fact that many rural tourist resources are non-monopoly resources indicates that tourist destinations are often confronted with the governance dilemma of severe homogenization,unsustainable attractiveness to tourists,and limited life cycles.As institutions are at the heart of rural tourism governance,a burning issue in the current development of rural tourism practices is how to achieve effective governance of rural tourist destinations by building an efficient institutional system for the management of non-monopoly tourist resources.Therefore,this paper addresses the core question,"How should institutions for governing rural tourist destinations with non-monopoly tourist resources be generated and how should they evolve?",and takes Yuanjiacun village,a well-known rural tourist destination located in Shaanxi province,China,as a case study.Tourism in the village started with homestays offering catering and accommodation services,and it has always relied on its folk customs and local foods as the main tourist attractions,which are typically ubiquitous non-monopoly resources.Fieldwork using qualitative methods such as interviews and participant observation has been conducted in Yuanjiacun village since 2016,with the aim of investigating the process of institutional evolution and internal mechanisms at work in a rural tourist destination with non-monopoly tourist resources.Guided by an analytical framework based on the key concepts of situational conditions,institutional demand,authority,institutional supply,and institutional efficiency,the main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)For rural tourist destinations,certain situational conditions at different stages of their development are the basis for their institutional evolution.Among them,the presence of non-monopoly rural tourist resources constitutes a significant situational condition running through the entire process of institutional evolution.(2)Under various situa

关 键 词：乡村旅游 旅游目的地治理 旅游资源属性 非垄断性 制度演化 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]