复合材料结构超级电容器碳纤维电极的制备与改性方法研究进展  

Recent progress in carbon fiber electrodes for structural supercapacitors composites

作　　者：陈少杰 徐海兵 张雪辉[1] 刘东 颜春 陈刚[2] 吕东喜 祝颖丹 CHEN Shaojie;XU Haibing;ZHANG Xuehui;LIU Dong;YAN Chun;CHEN Gang;LYU Dongxi;ZHU Yingdan(Faculty of Material Metallurgy and Chemistry,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学材料冶金化学学部,赣州341000 [2]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所,浙江省机器人与智能制造装备技术重点实验室,宁波315201

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2023年第11期6010-6028,共19页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1909220);浙江省自然科学基金(LY21E030012);宁波市科技创新2025重大专项(2019B10112;2020Z057;2021Z126;2022Z102)。

摘　　要：在能源危机与生态环境持续恶化的大背景下,开发先进储能技术成为各国竞相研究的重点。将碳纤维作为多功能结构电极与聚合物电解质复合,制备兼具储能与结构承载的复合材料结构超级电容器(Structural supercapacitor composites,SSC),有望满足现代装备对高效储能与轻量化结构的双重需求,在新能源汽车、航空航天等领域具有广泛应用前景。碳纤维电极是SSC的重要组件,承担着富集电荷与力学承载的双重任务,应具有高比表面积、优良的力学性能及树脂电解质浸润能力。然而常规碳纤维表面光滑,比表面积小,化学惰性大,不利于电荷的存储及树脂电解质的浸润,限制了高性能SSC的制备与应用,必须对其进行表面改性处理。本文介绍了SSC用碳纤维电极材料的研究现状,重点阐述了刻蚀活化改性、碳基活性材料修饰、纳米金属化合物活性材料修饰、聚苯胺修饰等改性方法,总结了不同碳纤维电极制备方法对SSC储能及力学性能的影响行为与机制,归纳了各自优缺点,并展望了SSC用碳纤维电极研制面临的挑战及发展趋势。In the context of energy crisis and continuous deterioration of ecological environment,the development of advanced energy storage technology has become the focus of competing research in global.Structural supercapacitor composites(SSC)with both energy storage and structural bearing capacity are developed by using multifunctional carbon fiber electrode and polymer electrolyte,which is expected to meet the dual demands of modern equipment for efficient energy storage and lightweight structures.Therefore,SSC has a wide application prospect in electric vehicles,aerospace and other fields.Carbon fiber electrode is a key component of SSC,which plays an important role in charge accumulation and mechanical loading.It should have high specific surface area,excellent mechanical properties and good wettability with polymer electrolyte.However,the pristine surface of carbon fiber is smooth and chemically inert,which is not conducive to ion storage and resin electrolyte infiltration in carbon fiber electrodes,and thus limits the preparation and application of high-performance SSC,so surface modification of carbon fiber electrode is necessary.This paper introduces the current research status of carbon fiber electrode materials for SSC,mainly focuses on several important surface modification methods of carbon fiber(such as chemical etching activation,modification with carbon-based active materials,modification with nano metal compounds and polyaniline modification),summarizes the influence of different carbon fiber electrode preparation methods on the energy storage and mechanical properties of SSC and the corresponding mechanisms,and their respective advantages and disadvantages.The challenges and development trend of carbon fiber electrode for SSC are also prospected.

关 键 词：多功能复合材料 超级电容器 储能 碳纤维电极 表面改性 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]