基于位置分配模型的避震疏散最优路径规划  

Optimal Path Planning for Earthquake Evacuation Based on Location Assignment Model

作　　者：李玉堂 赵竞争 王民水 叶应辉[2] 王明常[2] Li Yutang;Zhao Jingzheng;Wang Minshui;Ye Yinghui;Wang Mingchang(North District Affairs Office,Jilin University,Changchun 130026,China;College of GeoExploration Science and Technology,Jilin University,Changchun 130026,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学北区事务办,长春130026 [2]吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,长春130026

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2023年第6期2018-2028,共11页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171407);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500104-4)。

摘　　要：在地震易发区科学规划避震疏散路径,对人口聚集、密度大的高等学校师生的生命及财产安全具有重要意义。本文基于对吉林大学朝阳校区空间分布信息的提取和相关资料的调查,利用位置分配(location allocation,LA)模型、迪杰斯特拉(Dijkstra)最优路径算法,结合服务域分析、最优路径分析等方法实现了对研究区白天、夜间两种模拟情景避震疏散路径的科学规划。结果表明:在高等学校中做避震疏散计划时,可直接将运动场、室外篮球场、广场、空旷草地、部分面积较大的停车场作为备用避震场所;在疏散方向不交汇、不冲突、避震场所可容纳人数较多时,LA模型、Dijkstra算法均能够满足避震疏散规划的需求。针对校园内存在的避震安全场所空间分布不平衡的问题,提出了均衡空旷场地分布、增加避震疏散设施、加强避震疏散技能等完善高等学校地震逃生体系的建议。In colleges and universities with large population and density,scientific planning of earthquake evacuation paths in earthquake-prone areas is of great significance to the life and property safety of teachers and students.Based on the extraction of spatial distribution information and relevant survey of Chaoyang Campus,Jilin University,this study realizes the scientific planning of the evacuation paths of daytime and nighttime simulated scenarios in the study area using location allocation(LA)model and Dijkstra optimal path algorithm,combined with service domain analysis and optimal path analysis.The results show that playgrounds,outdoor basketball courts,open meadows,and some large parking lots can be used as backup safety zones in the earthquake evacuation plan of universities.LA model and Dijkstra algorithm can meet the requirements of earthquake evacuation planning when evacuation directions do not conflict,and the capacity of the safety zone is large.In view of the unbalanced space distribution of earthquake evacuation safety places in campus,some suggestions are put forward to improve the earthquake escape system in colleges and universities,such as balanced distribution of open space,increasing the facilities of earthquake evacuation,and strengthening the skills of earthquake evacuation.

关 键 词：地震易发区 避震疏散 大学校园 避震需求 最优疏散路径 位置分配模型 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]