历史演进视角下的铸币税与央行利润  

Seigniorage and Central Bank Profit From the Perspective of Historical Evolution

作　　者：汪洋[1,2] 许乐[2] 邱愉 WANG Yang;XU Le;QIU Yu(Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022;School of Finance,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学,江西南昌330022 [2]江西财经大学金融学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期65-74,共10页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金哲学社会科学领军人才项目“多重约束下的中国财政政策、货币政策与汇率政策协调配合研究”(编号:22VRC018);国家社会科学基金重大项目“中央银行的逻辑与现代中央银行制度的建设”(编号:21ZDA045)。

摘　　要：铸币税是基于政府垄断发行货币获得的一种收入。在中央银行发行纸质货币的时代,铸币税是中央政府获得的一笔永远不需要偿还的债务。近期,中国人民银行决定上缴的1万亿净利润,是基于中央银行角度的利差收入,与铸币税是两个概念。估算中国人民银行外汇储备的收益规模后,其结果与央行资产负债表内“其他资产”科目的变化额有所出入,原因有待进一步研究。央行上缴1万亿净利润是中国政府中性财政政策和积极货币政策的表现。By comparing the income nature of seigniorage in the era of metal money and paper money,the research shows that seigniorage is a kind of income based on the government’s monopoly issuance of currency.In an era when central banks issued paper money,seigniorage was a debt acquired by the central government that never had to be repaid.Recently,the People’s Bank of China decided to turn in one trillion net profit,which was based on the interest margin income from the perspective of the Central Bank and was different from seigniorage.After estimating the income of the People’s Bank of China’s foreign exchange reserves,the result is different from the change of the“other assets”account in the central bank’s balance sheet,and the reasons need to be further studied.The one trillion yuan net profit handed over by the central bank is a manifestation of the neutral fiscal policy and active monetary policy of the Chinese government.

关 键 词：铸币税 中央银行制度 财政部 货币政策 

分 类 号：F820.5[经济管理—财政学]