“耳目”术语系列与中国古代小说性能评说  

Terms Commentary on the Series of“Ear and Eye”and the Nature and Function of Anicent Chinese Novels

作　　者：李桂奎 朱柯瑾 LI Guikui;ZHU Kejin(International Cultural Exchange School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;College of Liberal Arts,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际文化交流学院,上海200433 [2]山东大学文学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2023年第5期111-119,共9页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国古代小说理论术语考释与谱系建构”(编号:19ZDA247)。

摘　　要：在以序跋和评点为主的中国古代小说批评中,由“耳”“目”二字组成的术语随处可见。结合诸多小说常以“耳”“目”命题这一现象,我们发现,这些术语多被用以评说小说性能:有的被用以表明小说的道听途说性质以及“求真取信”史性,更多地被用以评说小说的诚妄、奇正、美丑等审美功能,还有的被用以评说小说的“悦人耳目”“醒人耳目”等功能和功效。除了依稀可辨的“因耳叙事”与“以目写人”两种评说倾向之外,“贵耳贱目”常被用以显示小说的传奇特点,而“娱目醒心”则常被用以传达小说的审美教化功用。与诗文批评中的“耳目”系列术语相比,小说批评中的“耳目”系列术语兼具娱乐与教化功能,不仅多被用以宣示故事的可靠性、可信性,而且还被用以强调小说的可读性。In the criticism of ancient Chinese novels,which mainly focuses on preface and postscript and comments,the terms composed of the words“ear”and“eye”can be seen everywhere.Combined with the phenomenon that many novels often use“ear”and“eye”propositions,we find that these terms are mostly used to comment on the performance of novels:some terms are used to show the hearsay nature of the novel and the historical nature of“seeking truth and obtaining trust”.More of them are used to comment on the aesthetic functions of the novel such as true or false,legendary or educational,as well as kind and evil.Others are used to comment on the functions and effects of the novel such as“pleasing the eyes and ears”and“awakening the eyes and ears”.In addition to the discernible tendency of“narrative by ear”and“writing by eyes”,“the ears are much more noble than the eyes”is often used to indicate the legendary characteristics of a novel,and“entertaining the eyes and awakening the mind”is often used to convey the aesthetic education function of the novel.Compared with the“eyes and ears”series of terms in poetry criticism,the“eyes and ears”series of terms in novel criticism have both entertaining and educational functions,which are not only used to declare the reliability and credibility of the story,but also used to emphasize the readability of the novel.

关 键 词：小说性能 求真取信 愉耳悦目 传奇意趣 娱目醒心 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]