犯罪论体系的误解与澄清——俄罗斯犯罪论体系建构模式及对我国镜鉴  

Misunderstanding and Clarification of the Criminological System——The construction model of the Russian criminological system and its impact on China

作　　者：庞冬梅 PANG Dong-mei

机构地区：[1]河南大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2023年第6期85-97,共13页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“俄罗斯刑法总则制度研究”(16AFX008)的后续研究成果。

摘　　要：中国刑法学界一般在刑法总论探讨犯罪论体系建构问题,即定罪模式合目的性的考察与路径抉择。俄罗斯学界则通常在刑法分论探讨定罪问题,即所实施的具体社会危害行为与现行刑事立法所规定的犯罪构成之间合致性(符合性)的认定。我国刑法学界对俄罗斯犯罪论体系(定罪机制)缺乏应有的认知,通常将德国“犯罪论体系”(构成要件符合性、违法性、有责性)与俄罗斯“犯罪构成理论体系”相提并论,并因此而将移植于苏联的中国传统犯罪构成理论体系与德、日“三阶层犯罪论体系”置于同一层面进行比较。然而,基于错误认知进行的比较研究,所得出的结论必然谬之千里。应在厘清俄罗斯犯罪论体系内含之定罪原理的基础上,摒弃无谓争论,合理建构符合我国国情的犯罪论体系。Chinese criminal law scholars generally discuss the construction of the criminological system in the general theory of criminal law,that is,the investigation and path selection of the purposefulness of the conviction model.Russian academics usually discuss the issue of criminalization in the sub-section of criminal law,that is,the determination of compatibility(compliance)between the specific socially harmful acts committed and the composition of crimes provided for in the current criminal legislation.China’s criminal law circles lack due understanding of the Russian crime theory system(conviction mechanism),and usually compare the German“crime theory system”(compliance with constituent elements,illegality,and responsibility)with the Russian“crime composition theory system”,therefore,the traditional Chinese crime theory system transplanted in the Soviet Union is compared with the three-stratum criminal theory system of Germany and Japan.However,comparative studies based on misconceptions are bound to lead to fallacies.On the basis of clarifying the conviction principle contained in the Russian criminological system,we should abandon unnecessary arguments and reasonably construct a criminological system that conforms to China’s national conditions.

关 键 词：犯罪构成 犯罪论体系 定罪模式 三阶层 四要件 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]