新发传染病即时防控的理念选择与制度建构  

Concept Choice and System Construction of InstantPrecaution of the Emerging Infectious Diseases

作　　者：李轩 LI Xuan(School of Law of Southeast University,Nanjing 211189)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2023年第6期113-122,共10页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“突发重大公共卫生事件防控的法治体系研究”(项目编号:20&ZD189)。

摘　　要：风险社会中传染病防治的重心应由法定传染病转向新发传染病,即时防控便是基于风险预防原则而提前防控新发传染病的制度设计。基于对新冠肺炎疫情的易得性启示,立法者选择了强风险预防原则指导构建即时防控制度,却使得即时防控面临异化和滥用的风险。即时防控应是有限度的预防,也仍须恪守比例原则,此要求决定了合比例性风险预防原则为即时防控制度建构的最佳选择。在该原则指导下,首先应限缩即时防控的对象,合理厘定即时防控启动的风险阈值;其次应将即时防控措施由“甲类传染病预防、控制措施”修改为与风险评估相适应的动态调整机制,包括基于最大最小值规则确定的初步措施以及基于新信息评估的后续调整措施。The focus of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in risk society should be shifted from notifiable infectious diseases to emerging infectious diseases,and instant precaution is an institutional design of controlling emerging infectious diseases in advance which based on the precautionary principle.Based on the availability heuristic of the COVID-19,legislators chose the strong precautionary principle to construct the instant precaution system,but faced the risk of alienation and abuse.However,instant precaution should be limited precaution,while still abiding by the proportionality principle.This requirement determines that the proportional precaution principle is the best choice.Under the guidance of this principle,firstly,the objects of instant precaution should be limited,and the risk threshold for starting instant precaution should be reasonably determined;secondly,the instant precaution measures should be modified from“prevention and control measures for Class A infectious diseases”to dynamic adjustment mechanism that corresponds to risk assessment,including preliminary measures determined based on the maximum and minimum rules and subsequent adjustment measures based on new information evaluation.

关 键 词：即时防控 新发传染病 合比例性风险预防原则 《传染病防治法》修改 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]