石油企业海外投资环境30年变迁综述  

A review of changes in overseas oil and gas investment environments over the past 30 years

作　　者：窦立荣[1,2] 郜峰 彭云[1] 王曦[1] 王子健[1] 王克铭[1] DOU Lirong;GAO Feng;PENG Yun;WANG Xi;WANG Zijian;WANG Keming(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development;China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Co., Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [2]中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2023年第9期1-13,共13页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：20世纪90年代以来,中国石油企业“走出去”面临的外部形势发生了巨大变化。全球气候治理进程总体加速,国际石油公司从共同防御转向共同建设;天然气从地域限制走向全球化。中美从伙伴到竞争对手的转向促使宏观环境更趋复杂严峻;经济全球化从加速发展到“逆全球化”盛行,推升合作政策壁垒。OPEC与非OPEC产油国竞争与合作交织凸显供给侧新格局;页岩油气革命使美国从能源独立走向能源霸权,进一步加强对全球资源控制。拉丁美洲与非洲地区加快对外开放,引领新一轮油气田大发现;苏联解体带来的新一轮全球私有化,吸引大石油公司积极布局;碳减排压力下油砂、重油等高碳资产从热变冷;乌克兰危机下西方石油公司纷纷撤出俄罗斯,引发全球资产布局重构和能源格局重塑。海外油气投资环境的深刻调整使得中国石油公司“走出去”总体面临更加复杂严峻的形势,更需提升风险识别与应对能力,并结合自身特点优化海外业务布局,为实现高质量可持续的“走出去”打好基础。Since the 1990s,the external situation faced by China's oil companies “going global” has changed dramatically.The process of global climate governance has accelerated in general and international oil companies have shifted from common defense to common construction.Natural gas has shifted from geographical restriction to globalization.China and the United States have shifted from partners to competitors,making the macro environment more complicated and severe.Economic globalization has accelerated to the prevalence of “anti-globalization”,which has pushed up the policy barriers to cooperation.The interweaving of competition and cooperation between OPEC and non-OPEC oil-producing countries has highlighted the new situation on the supply side.The shale revolution has led the U.S.from energy independence to energy hegemony,further strengthening its control over global resources.The accelerated opening up of Latin America and Africa has led to a new round of oil and gas field discoveries and a new round of global privatization brought about by the collapse of the Soviet Union has attracted the active deployment of major oil companies.Such high-carbon assets as oil sands and heavy oil have turned from the hot to the cold under the pressure of low-carbon emission reduction.The withdrawal of Western oil companies from Russia under the Ukraine issue has triggered the restructuring of the global asset layout and the reshaping of the energy landscape.The profound adjustment of the overseas oil and gas investment environment has made the overall “going global”of China's oil companies face a more complex and severe situation.It is more necessary to improve the risk identification and response capabilities,optimize the overseas business layout with its own characteristics,and lay a good foundation in order to achieve high-quality sustainable “going global”.

关 键 词：中国石油公司 走出去 海外油气投资环境 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济] F125