论农村承包经营户债务承担规则之适用——《民法典》第五十六条释疑  

Application of Debt Bearing Rules of Rural Contractual Management Households——Article 56 of the Civil Code

作　　者：刘云升 LIU Yunsheng(School of Law and Public Administration,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学法政与公共管理学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2023年第6期90-95,共6页Journal of Hengshui University

摘　　要：《民法通则》确定,农村承包经营户之债务承担由“经营者”负责,它突破了投资人风险自负的原则,确立了承包人、投资人和利益享受人均应担责的规则,资格符合中国农村家庭承包经营的特点。但随着集体经济组织成员被普遍授予土地承包经营权,以及几十年来农村家庭财产关系的巨变,原来认定承包地“经营者”的标准失去了适用环境。《民法典》及时提出了以“事实上的经营者”承担经营责任的规则,而“事实上的经营者”须具备以下条件:是集体经济组织成员,是自家承包地主要劳务投入者;或者是流转土地经营权的决策者。但家庭成员中的被赡养、被抚养者,一般不对农户承包经营债务承担责任。The General Principles of the Civil Law determines that the“operator”is responsible for the liability of the debts of rural contracted management households.It breaks through the principle of investors’own risk and establishes the rule that contractors,investors and beneficiaries should take responsibility,which is in line with the characteristics of rural household contracted management in China.However,with the widespread granting of land contracting and management rights to members of collective economic organizations and the great changes in rural family property relations in recent decades,the original standard of identifying contracted land“operators”has lost its applicable environment.The“Civil Code”promptly put forward the rule of assume the operational responsibility by the“de facto operator”,who must meet the following conditions:being a member of the collective economic organization and a major labor contributor to self-contracted land or the decision-maker of transferring land management rights.However,the dependents and dependents among family members generally do not bear responsibility for the contracted business debts of farmers.

关 键 词：《民法典》 农村承包经营户 土地承包经营权 债务承担 

分 类 号：D923.3[政治法律—民商法学]