不同布设形式刚性植被群对连续弯道水力特性的影响  

Effects of Different Layout Forms of Rigid Vegetation Groups on Hydraulic Characteristics of Continuous Bends

作　　者：张朝瑜 孙雪岚[1] 冀自青[2] 段京京 ZHANG Chao-yu;SUN Xue-lan;JI Zi-qing;DUAN Jing-jing(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,山西太原030024 [2]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2023年第8期31-34,9,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979185,51004120)。

摘　　要：为了解植被群对天然弯曲河道水力特性的影响,设计簇状、均匀两种布设形式分别模拟自然丛生及人工规律种植的植被群,通过水槽试验探究植被不同布设形式对连续弯道流场、水动力轴线、紊动能、环流结构分布的影响。结果表明,连续弯道流场出现明显的流速分区,其中高流速区靠近凸岸侧,低流速区依附在凹岸侧;植被布设使得高、低流速区的分布范围产生相反的变化规律,即高流速区增加,低流速区削减。弯道作用下水动力轴线在“弯顶上游侧逐渐摆向凸岸—弯顶附近紧贴凸岸—弯顶下游侧摆向凹岸”完成一个周期的运动变化;植被布设使其摆向水槽中部且簇状布设的偏离程度大于均匀布设。弯道作用下水流紊动能的沿程分布表现为“两侧小中间大”;整体上看植被布设使得弯顶下游侧紊动能增加且簇状布设的影响程度大于均匀布设。植被布设改变了环流结构,表现为涡核位置的摆动以及分布范围的改变。In order to understand the impact of vegetation groups on the hydraulic characteristics of natural meandering river,this paper designed two kinds of layout forms in which the cluster layout simulated the natural cluster vegetation group,and the uniform layout simulated the artificial regular planting vegetation group.Through the flume experiment,the impact of different layout forms of vegetation on the distribution of flow field,hydrodynamic axis,turbulent kinetic energy and transverse circulation structure in continuous bends was explored.The results show that the flow field in the bend appears obvious velocity partition in which the high velocity area is close to the convex bank,and the low velocity area is attached to the concave bank.Vegetation layout makes the distribution range of high and low flow rate areas have the opposite change rule:the high flow rate area increases,while the low flow rate area decreases.Under the action of the bend,the hydrodynamic axis'gradually swings to the convex bank on the upstream side of the bend top,close to the convex bank near the bend top and swings to the concave bank on the downstream side of the bend top,completing a cycle of motion changes.Vegetation layout makes it swing to the middle of the flume and the deviation degree of cluster layout is greater than that of uniform layout.Under the action of the bend,the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy of water flow is small on both sides and large in the middle.On the whole,the layout of vegetation increases the turbulent kinetic energy on the downstream side of the bent top,and the impact of cluster layout is greater than the uniform.The vegetation layout changes the circulation structure of the section,which is manifested by the swing of the vortex core position and the change of the distribution range.

关 键 词：连续弯道 刚性植被 流场 水动力轴线 紊动能 环流 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]