水产养殖废水污染物含量与农灌适用性分析  

Contamination of Aquaculture Waste Water and Applicability of Agricultural Irrigation

作　　者：郑天铭 王沛芳[1,2] 胡斌[1,2] 张明 马晶洁 王洵[1,2] 李鼎新 ZHENG Tian-ming;WANG Pei-fang;HU Bin;ZHANG Ming;MA Jing-jie;WANG Xun;LI Ding-xin(College of Environment,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes,Ministry of Education,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Jiangsu Taizhou River Diversion Management office,Taizhou 225321,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [3]江苏省泰州引江河管理处,江苏泰州225321

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2023年第10期2173-2183,共11页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51421006,42007149);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700600)。

摘　　要：为助力长江大保护,实现循环农业的可持续发展,针对水产养殖废水回用的安全问题,于2022年3月监测了长江江苏段典型养殖模式下虾蟹塘和鱼类塘废水中的重金属、农药和抗生素含量,并借助内梅罗综合指数法和生态风险指数法评估其回用于农田灌溉的可行性。结果表明:重金属中Zn含量最高,虾蟹塘和鱼类塘废水含量分别为19.40和15.39μg·L^(-1),其次为As、Ni、Pb;农药中扑草净含量最高,可达149.28 ng·L^(-1),除草剂和杀菌剂为养殖废水的主要农药种类;抗生素中氟苯尼考含量最高,可达151.40 ng·L^(-1),大环内酯类和酰氨醇类分别为虾蟹塘和鱼类塘废水的主要抗生素种类。风险评估表明,重金属平均含量低于《农田灌溉水质标准(GB5084-2021)》限值,仅S1的Hg具有潜在风险,使得该虾蟹塘废水表现为轻度污染;鱼类塘废水中农药和抗生素均对浮游植物产生高风险,RQ平均为4.11和36.94,而虾蟹塘废水中仅农药呈现高风险,其RQ为2.72。虾蟹塘中Hg和异丙甲草胺,鱼类塘中异丙甲草胺、多菌灵、氟苯尼考和磺胺甲噁唑为潜在的风险源,但各污染物含量均低于农作物的效应浓度。因此,养殖废水可用于农田灌溉,长期应用时需要进行针对性监测和处理。In order to promote the Yangtze River conservation,and to achieve sustainable development of circular agriculture,the safety issue of aquaculture wastewater reuse for farmland irrigation was investigated in this research.In March 2022,the concentrations of metal,pesticides,and antibiotics in shrimp/crab and fish aquaculture wastewater,under typical cultivation mode,were observed along the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River.Nemerowpollution index method and ecological risk index method were adopted to assess the risk levels and feasibility of irrigation.Results showed that Zn was the most abundant heavy metal,and the concentration in shrimp/crab ponds and fish ponds were 19.40 and 15.39μg·L^(-1),followed by Ni,As,and Pb.Prometryn was the most abundant pesticide,reaching concentrations of 149.28 ng·L^(-1),while herbicides and fungicides were the main types of pesticides in aquaculture wastewater.In addition,florfenicol was the most abundant antibiotic,reaching concentrations of 151.40 ng·L^(-1),while macrolides and amides were the main types of antibiotics in shrimp/crab ponds and fish ponds,respectively.The risk assessment results indicated that heavy metals were below the limit of the‘Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard(GB5084-2021)’,and only Hg in pond S1 had a potential risk,causing the wastewater of shrimp/crab ponds appear to reach the level of slightly-polluted.When considering ecological risks to phytoplankton,both pesticides and antibiotics in fish ponds posed high risks with an average RQ of 4.11 and 36.94,respectively.And in shrimp/crab wastewater,only pesticides posed a high risk towards phytoplankton with an average RQ of 2.72.Hg and metolachlor in shrimp/crab ponds,metolachlor,carbendazim,florfenicol,and sulfamethoxazole in fish ponds were potential risk sources of pollution.However,the contents of metals,pesticides,and antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater were less than the effective concentration of crops.Therefore,aquaculture wastewater could be used for farmland irrigation,and mo

关 键 词：水产养殖废水 重金属 农药 抗生素 农灌适用性 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]