钛合金与铝合金异种金属钎焊及熔钎焊研究进展  

Research progress on brazing and welding-brazing of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy dissimilar metals

作　　者：刘德运 沈元勋 李秀朋 李云月 赵明远 Liu Deyun;Shen Yuanxun;Li Xiupeng;Li Yunyue;Zhao Mingyuan(Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Brazing Filler Metals and Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州机械研究所有限公司,新型钎焊材料与技术国家重点实验室,郑州450001

出　　处：《焊接》2023年第12期50-57,共8页Welding & Joining

摘　　要：钛合金和铝合金广泛应用于航空航天、舰船和汽车等工业中,钛/铝连接结构也得到越来越多的重视。文中对钛合金与铝合金异种金属的焊接性进行了分析,重点论述了国内外钛合金与铝合金异种金属钎焊、熔钎焊连接方法研究现状。指出了钛合金与铝合金物理化学性质差异较大,目前仍存在钎焊时脆性Ti/Al金属间化合物生成难避免、熔钎焊时热输入不均匀易导致钛合金与铝合金连接接头组织分布不均的难题。通过改变钎料类型、钎料成分配比与焊接参数,可有效减少脆性Ti/Al金属间化合物的生成,熔钎焊时可通过选择合适的焊接方法与焊接工艺或通过对焊缝填充金属来减少脆性Ti/Al金属间化合物生成等方法。最后针对钛合金与铝合金异种金属钎焊及熔钎焊的发展及研究方向提出了展望。Titanium alloy and aluminum alloy are widely used in industries such as aerospace,ships,and automobiles,and titanium/aluminum connection structures are also receiving increasing attention.Weldability of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy dissimilar metals was analyzed in the paper,current research status of brazing and welding-brazing methods for titanium alloy and aluminum alloy dissimilar metals at home and abroad was emphatically discussed.It was pointed out that there were significant differences in the physical and chemical properties between titanium alloy and aluminum alloy.Currently,there were still difficulties in avoiding formation of brittle Ti/Al intermetallic compounds during brazing,and uneven distribution of microstructure in joints between titanium alloy and aluminum alloy that was easily caused by uneven heat input during welding-brazing.Through changing type,composition ratio and welding parameters of brazing filler metal,generation of brittle Ti/Al intermetallic compounds could be effectively reduced.During welding-brazing,methods such as selecting appropriate welding methods and welding processes or filling weld with metal could be used to reduce generation of brittle Ti/Al intermetallic compounds.Finally,prospects for development and research directions of brazing and welding-brazing of titanium and aluminum alloy dissimilar metals were proposed.

关 键 词：钛合金 铝合金 钎焊 熔钎焊 金属间化合物 

分 类 号：TG454[金属学及工艺—焊接]