华中农业大学作物硼营养研究之历程与展望——纪念王运华先生逝世1周年  

Course and prospects of studying crop boron nutrition at Huazhong Agricultural University:commemorating the first anniversary of Mr.WANG Yunhua’s death

作　　者：徐芳森[1] XU Fangsen(College of Resources and Environment/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/微量元素研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第6期9-17,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31972483)。

摘　　要：硼是植物必需的微量营养元素,硼肥是国内施用最多的微量元素肥料。1975年王运华先生在湖北省新洲县发现农田大面积棉花“蕾而不花”症状为缺硼导致的结果,开启了华中农业大学作物硼营养的研究,至今已近50载。在近50 a的研究历程中,经历了既有明显特色又有相互交叉融合的4个阶段:(1)作物硼营养诊断与硼肥施用技术(1975-1985),该阶段主要建立了我国棉花硼营养诊断与硼肥施用技术;(2)作物硼的吸收利用与营养机制(1985-1995),该阶段以棉花和油菜为主要对象,研究揭示了作物对硼的吸收、转运、分配及其生理功能;(3)作物硼营养遗传与分子机制(1995-2015),该阶段研究以甘蓝型油菜为主要对象,筛选油菜硼高效品种,克隆硼高效基因,研究揭示植物响应缺硼胁迫的分子调控机制;(4)作物硼高效调控途径与利用(2015-),该阶段在深入研究油菜硼高效分子调控途径的同时,筛选培育硼高效育种材料和品种,开展高效品种与专用肥和先进栽培技术相结合的集成推广利用。不同阶段的研究成果为我国农业生产中微量元素肥料硼肥的推广应用和农作物增产增效做出了重要的贡献,并在国际上作物硼营养的应用基础和基础研究方面占有一席之地。在纪念王运华先生逝世1周年之际,针对这4个阶段的主要研究作回顾简述,缅怀先生对作物硼营养研究做出的巨大贡献,聊表笔者对先生的敬重之情。Boron(B)is an essential micronutrient for plants,and boron fertilizer is the most widely used trace element fertilizer in China.In 1975,Mr.WANG Yunhua found that the“budding but no flowering”symptom of cotton grown in large areas of farmland in Xinzhou County,Hubei Province was caused by boron deficiency,which initiated studies on crop boron nutrition at Huazhong Agricultural University.It has been nearly 50 years since then.It has gone through four stages with obvious characteristics and cross integration in the 50-year long history including the diagnosis of boron nutrition and application techniques of boron fertilizer in crops(1975-1985),which mainly established the diagnosis of boron nutrition and application technology of boron fertilizer for cotton in China;the absorption and utilization of boron in crops and their nutritional mechanisms(1985-1995),mainly focused on revealing the absorption,transport,distribution,and physiological functions of boron by cotton and rapeseed;the genetics and molecular mechanisms of boron nutrition in crops(1995-2015),mainly aimed at screening B efficient varieties and cloning B efficient genes of Brassica napus,and revealing the molecular regulatory mechanism of rapeseed response to B deficiency stress;the efficient regulation and utilization of boron in crops(2015-),mainly aimed at conducting in-depth study on boron efficient molecular regulation pathways in rapeseed,screening and cultivating boron efficient breeding materials and varieties,and carrying out integrated promotion and utilization of efficient varieties combined with specialized fertilizers and advanced cultivation techniques.The results of studying at different stages have made important contributions to the promotion and application of boron fertilizer in agricultural production in China,as well as to the increase of yield and economic benefits of crops.They also hold a place in the international application and basic research of boron nutrition in crops.On the occasion of commemorating the first anniversa

关 键 词：作物 硼 营养诊断 施肥技术 吸收利用 生理 遗传 

分 类 号：S143.71[农业科学—肥料学]