村庄分类与村庄发展:基于两轮中国乡村振兴综合调查的研究  

Village Classification and Village Development:A Study Based on Two Rounds of China Rural Revitalization Surveys

作　　者：苏红键[1] Su Hongjian(Rural Development Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2023年第12期66-73,共8页Contemporary Economic Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目《城乡福祉、空间均衡与城镇化方略》(20FJLB019)。

摘　　要：村庄分类发展是乡村振兴的基本原则。文章利用两轮中国乡村振兴综合调查数据对300个样本村庄进行分类研究。研究发现:第一,基于村庄发展的本底特征,可将样本村庄分为集聚提升类、粮食生产类、特色产业类、特色保护类、一般发展类,五类村庄结构比重约为“25:30:10:25:10”,各地村庄类型结构不同。第二,集聚提升类村庄居民本地兼业化特征明显,收入水平较高,城乡两栖居民较多。第三,粮食生产类村庄耕地规模经营特征明显,居民以粮食生产和外出务工为主,收入水平不高。第四,特色产业类村庄居民主要从事特色农产品生产和本地兼业,城乡两栖居民较多。第五,特色保护类村庄居民主要从事乡村旅游或外出务工。第六,一般发展类村庄的本底特色不显著,居民以务农和外出务工为主。最后,提出村庄分类发展的导向。The classified development of villages is the basic principle for the rural revitalization.This paper uses the China Rural Revitalization Data-base to classify 300 sampled villages.The study found that,firstly,the sample village can be classified into five categories according to its fundamental characteristics:the cluster improvement villages,the grain production villages,the specialty industry villages,the characteristic protection villages,and the general development villages.The proportion of these villages is about“25:30:10:25:10”.The structures of the different categories of village vary in different regions.Second,the cluster improvement villages have obvious characteristics of concurrent business,high income level,and more urban-rural amphibious residents.Thirdly,the grain production villages have obvious characteristics of scale management of cultivated land.The residents mainly engaged in grain production and migrant work,and their income levels are not high.Fourthly,residents in the specialty industry villa-ges mainly engage in the special agricultural product and local concurrent business,with a large number of urban-rural amphibious residents.Fifth,residents in the characteristic protection villages mainly rely on rural tourism for employment or migrant work.Sixth,the basic characteristics of the gen-eral development villages are not obvious,and residents mainly engage in local agriculture and migrant work.Based on this,suggestions for the classi-fied development of villages are proposed.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 村庄分类 分类发展 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]