超导量子计算系统中的容错技术  

Quantum fault tolerance technology based on superconducting quantum systems

作　　者：陈子杰 孙麓岩 邹长铃[1,3] CHEN Zi-Jie;SUN Lu-Yan;ZOU Chang-Ling(CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Hefei National Laboratory,Hefei 230088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学中国科学院量子信息重点实验室,合肥230026 [2]清华大学交叉信息研究院,北京100084 [3]合肥国家实验室,合肥230088

出　　处：《物理》2023年第11期751-760,共10页Physics

摘　　要：随着超导系统中的量子控制技术日益成熟,量子纠错技术也在不断发展。最近,已有一些平台实现了超越量子纠错盈亏平衡点的里程碑式突破。然而,要实现最终目标——容错量子计算,仍需要拓展系统的维度并进一步压制噪声。文章以超导量子系统为例,首先介绍了四种实现容错错误症状测量的思路;以此为基础,讨论了实现容错量子计算的三个关键阶段以及各阶段所面临的挑战,包括超越盈亏平衡点、达到容错阈值和实现完备逻辑门操作。为了实现这些目标,将按照连通性从低到高归纳三种可能的拓展系统规模的方案。此外,还总结了实验上纠错技术的进展以及对连通性的探索,最后讨论当前关键的研究问题。With the improvement of quantum control technology in superconducting systems,quantum error correction has seen rapid development.Recently,significant breakthroughs have been achieved on various platforms,even surpassing the break-even point of quantum error correction.However,to reach the final goal of fault tolerant quantum computation,it is crucial to further suppress the error through scaling up quantum systems.In this article we focus on superconducting quantum systems and present four approaches for implementing fault-tolerant error syndrome measurements.We then discuss the three key stages in achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation and the corresponding challenges at each stage.These challenges include surpassing the break-even point,reaching the faulttolerant threshold,and implementing universal logical gates.To accomplish these goals,we classify three potential scaling-up schemes based on different forms of connectivity.We then summarize the experimental progress in quantum error correction and the exploration of connectivity.Finally,we address three key problems in this field.

关 键 词：量子纠错 量子容错计算 超导量子系统 量子控制 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理]