不同年龄段变应性鼻炎伴哮喘患者10年前后吸入性过敏原分布变化分析  

Distribution changes of inhaled allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis combined with asthma in different age groups over a 10-year period

作　　者：王广阔[1] 王建伟[1] 李彤 杨玉娟 张宇[1] 宋西成[1] WANG Guangkuo;WANG Jianwei;LI Tong;YANG Yujuan;ZHANG Yu;SONG Xicheng(Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital,Qingdao University,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases,Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases,Yantai,Shandong,264000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,山东省耳鼻喉疾病临床医学研究中心,烟台市耳鼻喉疾病重点实验室,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》2023年第10期637-641,共5页Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2504100);国家自然科学基金面上项目(82071021、82271146、82271147);山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2020CXGC011302、2022CXGC020506)。

摘　　要：目的探究变应性鼻炎(AR)合并哮喘患者10年前后的吸入性过敏原分布变化。方法回顾性分析2008年266例和2018~2019年416例AR合并哮喘患者15种常见吸入性过敏原的皮肤点刺试验结果。结果两个时间点各年龄段患者均为粉尘螨和屋尘螨阳性率最高(40%~80%)。对于不同过敏原阳性率及过敏级别变化,<6岁患者豚草、葎草、艾蒿、榆科、柳树、白杨、藜科显著上升,狗上皮显著下降;6~11岁患者葎草、榆科、藜科显著上升,屋尘螨、刺槐、猫上皮显著下降;≥12岁患者豚草、榆科、柳树、白杨显著上升,粉尘螨、屋尘螨、刺槐显著下降。结论粉尘螨和屋尘螨一直是主要气道过敏原,草花粉和树木花粉成为次级重要致敏原。OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution changes in inhaled allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis combined with asthma over a 10-year period.METHODS The skin prick test results of 15 common inhaled allergens in 266 patients with AR combined with asthma in 2008 and 416 patients in 2018-2019 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The positive rates of sensitization were highest in dermatophagoides farinae and house dust mite(40%-80%).Regarding the positive rates and sensitized levels,ragweed,humulus scandens,mugwort,elm family,willow,poplar and quinoa significantly increased,with dog dander significantly decreased in patients<6 years;humulus scandens,elm family and quinoa significantly increased,with house dust mite,acacia and cat dander significantly decreased in patients 6-11 years old;ragweed,elm family,willow and poplar significantly increased,with dermatophagoides farinae,house dust mite,and acacia significantly decreased in patients≥12 years old.CONCLUSION Dermatophagoides farinae and house dust mite remained the primary inhaled allergens along with time.Grass pollen and tree pollen became secondary important allergens.

关 键 词：鼻炎 过敏 哮喘症 变应原 皮肤点刺试验 

分 类 号：R562.25[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R765.21[医药卫生—内科学]