螺旋槽磨削砂轮磨损轮廓模型与位姿补偿算法  

A grinding wheel wear calculation and trajectory adjustment algorithm for helical groove grinding process

作　　者：阳智麾 李勇[1] 刘浩 江磊[1] YANG Zhihui;LI Yong;LIU Hao;JIANG Lei(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,CHN)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2023年第12期40-47,共8页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

基　　金：2023年四川省重点研发计划项目“航空、航天大型五轴加工中心关键技术研究、产品研制及示范应用(23ZDYF0244)”。

摘　　要：立铣刀螺旋槽具有结构多样、精度高等特点,在切削加工中对刀具的切削和排屑都起到了重要的作用,而在立铣刀螺旋槽磨削过程中,由于砂轮的磨损会导致螺旋槽的磨削精度降低,且砂轮的磨损具有不规则性,很难预测砂轮磨损后形状,因此文章针对在砂轮出现磨损后,提出计算磨损砂轮轮廓的方法以及砂轮实际磨损情况的磨削位姿补偿算法。首先,建立螺旋槽磨削过程中砂轮与刀具棒料的运动学模型,并通过补偿前加工的螺旋槽实测轮廓反算出磨损砂轮轮廓;其次,应用解析法重新构建磨损砂轮磨削的螺旋槽形成计算模型;然后,根据螺旋槽前角、芯厚、槽宽等结构参数定义,建立螺旋槽结构参数关于磨损砂轮位姿函数关系式,并通过优化算法进行砂轮位姿补偿求解;最后,通过仿真与实际加工试验,对比分析磨损砂轮位姿补偿前后加工精度,验证算法的有效性。The helical groove has the characteristics of various structures and high precision requirements,which play an important role in cutting and chip removal.In the grinding process of the helical groove,the grinding accuracy is reduced due to the grinding wheel wear,and the wear is irregular,so it is difficult to predict the grinding wheel profile after wear.Aiming this issue,a calculation method of the wear grinding wheel profile and a grinding trajectory adjustment algorithm based on the actual wear of the grinding wheel are proposed.Firstly,the actual measurement of the wear of the grinding wheel is carried out,and the mathematical model of the movement relationship between the grinding wheel and the tool bar during the spiral groove grinding process is established.Secondly,the curve equation of the radial cross-section profile of the groove.Then,according to the definition of the spiral groove rake angle,core thickness,groove width and other parameters,establish the functional relationship of the grinding wheel position and posture,convert the trajectory compensation calculation of the worn grinding wheel into a mathematical optimization problem,and the bionic optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem quickly.Finally,through a series of simulation and actual machining experiments,the accuracy and adaptability of the algorithm are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.

关 键 词：螺旋槽 砂轮位姿 砂轮磨损 补偿 

分 类 号：TH164[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]