山东省农村居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析  

Analysis on health literacy and its influencing factors among rural residents in Shandong Province

作　　者：刘维量[1] 冷艳[1] 王连森[1] 窦伟洁[2] LIU Weiliang;LENG Yan;WANG Liansen;DOU Weijie(Institute of Health Education and Promotion,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan250014,China;School of Healthcare Security,Shandong First Medical University(Shandong Institute of Medicine and HealthInformation),Jinan250017,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心健康教育与促进所,山东济南250014 [2]山东第一医科大学医疗保障学院(山东省医药卫生科技信息研究所),山东济南250017

出　　处：《社区医学杂志》2023年第14期707-712,共6页Journal Of Community Medicine

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划(202115020619,202212051002);山东省人文社会科学课题(2022-ZXJK-02);山东省医学科学院医药卫生科技创新工程项目。

摘　　要：目的了解山东省农村居民健康素养水平及其影响因素,为制定有针对性的健康教育与健康促进策略及干预措施提供科学依据。方法2021-09-01-2021-12-31采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取山东省2282名15~69岁农村地区常住居民进行健康素养问卷调查。使用国家卫生健康委员会编制的《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》。主要包括基本人口学特征、3个方面(基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能)和6类问题(科学健康观、传染病防治、慢性病防治、安全与急救、基本医疗、健康信息)。结果2021年山东省农村居民健康素养水平为21.81%;基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能的健康素养水平分别为23.56%、29.69%和23.37%;6类问题中健康素养水平由高到低依次为安全与急救(51.71%)、科学健康观(32.32%)、基本医疗(29.96%)、健康信息(23.46%)、传染病防治(22.99%)和慢性病防治(14.65%)。东部地区农村居民健康素养水平高于中部和西部地区(χ^(2)=32.859,P<0.001);年龄越大,健康素养水平越低(χ^(2)=57.537,P<0.001);文化程度(χ^(2)=132.782,P<0.001)和家庭年收入(χ^(2)=75.266,P<0.001)越高,健康素养水平越高;未患慢性病人群健康素养水平高于患病人群(χ^(2)=10.948,P=0.001)。不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同家庭年收入、是否患慢性病的农村居民3个方面和6类问题健康素养水平差异均有统计学意义,均P<0.05。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,以西部地区为参照,东部地区健康素养水平较高,OR=2.088,95%CI为1.559~2.797,P<0.001;以不识字/少识字为参照,初中(OR=1.699,95%CI为1.191~2.425,P=0.003)、高中/职高/中专(OR=2.722,95%CI为1.779~4.165,P<0.001)、大专/本科及以上(OR=6.291,95%CI为3.868~10.234,P<0.001)文化程度人员健康素养水平较高;以65~岁年龄组为参照,25~岁年龄组健康素养水平较高,OR=1.760,95%CI为1.024~3.026,P=0.041;以家Objective To analyze the health literacy level and its influencing factors among rural residents in Shandong Province,so as to provide scientific basis for developing policies and measures of health education.Methods From September 1to December 31,2021,multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling were used,2282permanent rural residents aged 15-69years were investigated with a questionnaire of health literacy.The survey questionnaire was compiled using the National Health Literacy Monitoring Survey Questionnaire for Residents by the National Health Commission.It mainly included basic demography characteristics,three aspects(basic health concept and knowledge,healthy lifestyle and behaviors,health related skills),and six types of problems(scientific health concept,infectious disease prevention and treatment,chronic disease prevention and treatment,safety and first aid,basic medical care,health information).Results The health literacy level of rural residents in Shandong Province in 2021was 21.81%,and the health literacy rates for basic health concept and knowledge,healthy lifestyle and behaviors,and health related skills were 23.56%,29.69%and 23.37%,respectively.The proportions of the residents with health literacy on the six public health problems in descendant order were 51.71%for safety and first aid,32.32%for scientific health concept,29.96%for basic medical care,23.46%for health information,22.99%for infectious disease prevention and treatment,and 14.65%for chronic disease prevention and treatment.The health literacy level of rural residents in the eastern region was higher than that in the central and western regions(χ^(2)=32.859,P<0.001).The older the age,the lower the level of health literacy(χ^(2)=57.537,P<0.001).The higher education level(χ^(2)=132.782,P<0.001)and annual household income(χ^(2)=75.266,P<0.001),the higher the level of health literacy.The health literacy level of non chronic patients was higher than that of the sick population(χ^(2)=10.948,P=0.001).There were statistically significant

关 键 词：农村居民 健康素养 慢性病 健康教育 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]