国家卫生城市建成环境居民满意度现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis on the current situation and influencing factors of residents′ satisfaction with the built environment of China′s Hygienic City Initiative

作　　者：郑文静[1] 亓晓[1] 么鸿雁[1] 刘剑君[1] 于石成[1] Zheng Wenjing;Qi Xiao;Yao Hongyan;Liu Jianjun;Yu Shicheng(Office for Epidemiology,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心流行病学办公室(爱国卫生工作技术指导处),北京102206

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2023年第11期1820-1826,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中国CDC公共卫生应急反应机制的运行(131031001000150001);中国卫生城市向健康城市升级的推进模式及政策研究(GJ2-2021-WHOSO-02)。

摘　　要：目的了解国家卫生城市建成环境居民满意度现状及影响因素。方法从全国国家卫生城市(县级市除外)名单中等比例随机抽取61个国家卫生城市,利用“问卷星”网络平台招募符合条件的研究对象开展调查。通过问卷调查收集基本情况和个人生活方式,采用自制满意度评价量表调查纳入的对象对城市建成环境的满意度,并检索查阅城市水平的相关数据资料。采用两水平多因素混合效应模型分析建成环境居民满意度的影响因素。结果2465名研究对象年龄以18~40岁为主(79.9%),男性为主(45.8%)。国家卫生城市居民满意度原始总得分为(69.14±13.24)分,将获得感的四个维度做标准化处理后,城市治理满意度得分最高(65.08分),依次为城市环境卫生(63.68分)、城市生活方式(59.97分)和城市基础功能(59.02分)。两水平多因素混合效应模型分析结果显示,与环境可吸入细颗粒物年平均浓度>48μg/m^(3)的居民相比,平均浓度在38~48μg/m^(3)[β(95%CI):1.65(0.08,3.21)]和≤37μg/m^(3)以下[β(95%CI):1.98(0.53,3.43)]的居民满意度较高;与第二产业占GDP的比重≤40.9%的居民相比,该比重越大的城市其居民满意度较低[比重为40.9%~48.03%居民β(95%CI):-2.21(-3.93,-0.49);比重>48.03居民β(95%CI):-2.58(-4.58,-0.59)];与初中及以下文化程度的居民相比,文化程度越高的居民满意度越低[大专学历居民β(95%CI):-2.37(-4.57,-0.17);大学及以上居民β(95%CI):-3.82(-6.05,-1.60)];经常参加体育锻炼[β(95%CI):5.78(4.71,6.84)]和自评健康状况良好[β(95%CI):6.39(5.33,7.45)]的居民,其满意度较高。结论国家卫生城市居民对城市建成环境的满意度尚可;满意度与居民文化程度、居住类型、是否经常参加体育锻炼、自评健康状况是否良好等个体特征,以及所在城市建成区绿化覆盖率、可吸入细颗粒物年平均浓度、第二产业GDP的比重等城市水平因素有关联。Objective To understand the current situation and the main influencing factors of residents′satisfaction with the built environment of China′s Hygienic City Initiative.Methods From the list of China′s hygienic cities(excluding county-level cities),61 cities were randomly selected in equal proportion and the eligible respondents were randomly selected by using the"Questionnaire Star"network platform to carry out the online questionnaire survey.A self-made satisfaction evaluation scale was used to investigate the satisfaction of the included respondents with the urban built environment and search for relevant data on the city level.The two-level multi-factor mixed effect model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of residents′satisfaction with the built environment of China′s Hygienic City Initiative.Results The age range of 2465 respondents was mainly between 18 and 40 years old(79.9%),with males being the main group(45.8%).The total score of residents′satisfaction with the built environment of China′s hygienic cities was(69.14±13.24)points.Based on four standardized dimensions of sense of gain,the result showed that the satisfaction of urban governance had the highest score(65.08 points),followed by urban environmental sanitation(63.68 points),urban lifestyle(59.97 points)and urban basic function(59.02 points).The analysis results of the two-level multi-factor mixed effect model showed that compared with residents with an annual average concentration of inhalable fine particles in the environment>48 micrograms/cubic meter,residents with an average concentration between 38 and 48 micrograms/cubic meter[β(95%CI):1.65(0.08,3.21)]and≤37 micrograms/cubic meter or less[β(95%CI):1.98(0.53,3.43)]had higher satisfaction.Compared with residents whose proportion of the secondary industry to GDP was≤40.9%,residents in cities with a larger proportion had a lower satisfaction level[residents with a proportion of 40.9%-48.03%,β(95%CI):-2.21(-3.93,-0.49);residents with a proportion greater tha

关 键 词：国家卫生城市 建成环境 满意度 横断面研究 

分 类 号：R126[医药卫生—环境卫生学]