中药鉴定方法及其发展概况  

Identification Methods of the Traditional Chinese Medicine and Their Development Overview

作　　者：刘杰[1] 房文亮 谷海媛 戴胜云 连超杰[1] 乔菲[1] 郑健[1] Liu Jie;Fang Wenliang;Gu Haiyuan;Dai Shengyun;Lian Chaojie;Qiao Fei;Zheng Jian(National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Beijing 102629,China)

机构地区：[1]中国食品药品检定研究院,北京102629

出　　处：《中国药事》2023年第11期1332-1340,共9页Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs

基　　金：中国食品药品检定研究院中青年培养基金(编号2023A4)。

摘　　要：目的:对中药的传统与现代鉴别技术进行综述,以期为中药鉴定方法的开发与中药质控标准的提升提供参考与借鉴。方法:对中药的传统鉴定方法、中药的现代鉴定方法、DNA条形码鉴定技术、基于DNA条形码的SNP分型方法、下一代测序(NGS)技术在中药鉴定中的应用等几个方面进行了梳理。结果:中药鉴定学在传统鉴别技术的基础上逐步形成与植物系统分类学、植物化学、生物化学、分子生物学、细胞生物学及现代仪器分析等多学科的知识和技术的大融合,为中药真伪的鉴别提供了更广泛的选择。结论:中药的应用历史源远流长,同时中药在漫长的历史沿革与传承中也存在严重的混伪、代用现象。中药鉴定是促进中药应用国际化和质控标准化的基础,是保障人民用药安全的重要前提。Objective:By reviewing the traditional and modern identification methods of traditional Chinese medicine,to provide references for the development of traditional Chinese medicine identification methods and improve quality control standards.Methods:The article sorted the following aspects to identify the traditional Chinese medicine,such as the traditional and modern identification methods,DNA barcoding identification technology,SNP typing method based on DNA barcoding,and the next generation sequencing technology.Results:On the basis of traditional identification technology,traditional Chinese medicine identification has gradually formed a great fusion of multidisciplinary knowledge and technology such as plant taxonomy,phytochemistry,biochemistry,molecular biology,cell biology and modern instrumental analysis,which provided a wider choice for the identification of the authenticity of traditional Chinese medicine.Conclusion:The application of traditional Chinese medicine has a long history.At the same time,in the long historical evolution and inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine,there are serious phenomena of falsification and substitution.The identification of traditional Chinese medicine is the basis for promoting the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine application and the standardization of quality control,and is an important prerequisite for ensuring the safety of medication.

关 键 词：中药 传统鉴定方法 现代鉴定方法 DNA条形码 SNP分型 下一代测序技术 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学] R932