基于FDS模拟的大型会展中心展览大厅性能化防火设计研究  

Research on Performance-based Fire Protection Design of Exhibition Halls in Large Exhibition Centers Based on FDS Simulation

作　　者：何辉 黄鑫 阚强 宋文华[4] He Hui;Huang Xin;Kan Qiang;Song Wenhua(Tianjin Nankai District Fire Rescue Detachment,Tianjin 300010,China;Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Disaster Prevention,Control and Emergency Response,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM,Tianjin 300381,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市南开区消防救援支队,天津300010 [2]应急管理部天津消防研究所,天津300382 [3]中国民航大学民航热灾害防控与应急重点实验室,天津300300 [4]天津工业大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《南开大学学报(自然科学版)》2023年第5期85-89,共5页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

摘　　要：大型会展中心建筑的大跨度、超长度、室内高举架大空间形式,以及功能的综合多样性、火灾荷载的可变性,决定了其火灾特性与普通建筑有明显差别.采用FDS对展览大厅发生火灾时的温度、烟气蔓延特性进行模拟分析,模拟结果表明:在各消防设施有效动作的情况下,各设定火灾场景的人员可用疏散时间不小于1200s(大于720s);在自动喷水灭火系统或排烟系统失效的情况下,人员可用疏散时间亦不低于687s(接近720s);当自然排烟口的净面积不小于展览大厅建筑面积的8%时,可以保证展览大厅人员疏散的安全;设定火灾场景下,屋顶钢结构的最高温度不超过230℃;展览大厅火源周围9m范围外的烟气最高温度均未超过设定的极限值360℃,展览大厅内所设置的9.0m宽的防火隔离带可有效防止火灾蔓延.The large span,super length,indoor high rise and large space form,as well as the comprehensive diversity of functions and the variability of fire loads in large exhibition center buildings,determine that their fire characteristics are significantly different from ordinary buildings.Using FDS to simulate and analyze the temperature and smoke spread characteristics of the exhibition hall during a fire.The simulation results show that under the effective operation of various fire-fighting facilities,the available evacuation time for personnel in each set fire scenario is not less than 1200 s(more than 720 s).In the event of failure of the automatic sprinkler system or smoke exhaust system,the available evacuation time for personnel shall not be less than 687 s(close to 720 s).When the net area of the natural smoke exhaust outlet is not less than 8%of the building area of the exhibition hall,it can ensure the safety of personnel evacuation in the exhibition hall.Set the maximum temperature of the roof steel structure in a fire scenario to not exceed 230℃.The maximum temperature of smoke outside the 9 m range around the fire source in the exhibition hall does not exceed the set limit value of 360℃.The 9.0 m wide fire isolation strip set up in the exhibition hall can effectively prevent the spread of fire.

关 键 词：大型会展中心 性能化防火设计 FDS模拟 消防设施 安全疏散 

分 类 号：X924.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]