远方与故乡:农民工的流动范围、社会环境与健康结果——基于CMDS2017数据的多重假说检验  

Afar and Hometown:Mobility Range,Social Environment,and Health Outcomes of Migrant Workers in China——Multiple Hypothesis Testing Based on CMDS 2017 Data

作　　者：郭未[1] 马炬申 GUO Wei;MA Ju-shen

机构地区：[1]南京大学,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2023年第3期52-69,共18页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国流动人口的社会经济地位、健康素养与健康结果研究”(批准号:20BRK040)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,使用Logit模型、Firth惩罚极大似然估计、KHB模型、广义精准匹配等系列计量模型探索流动人口中最主要群体—农民工的流动模式新趋势及其背后的健康选择机制,并进一步探究“国内跨省”“省内跨市”和“市内跨县”的空间流动模式下农民工健康的群体性差异究竟是受迁移影响还是由社会环境所致这一重要议题。研究发现,在农民工这一群体中,传统意义上的“流动”与“不流动”的“健康移民”效应和“三文鱼”偏误仍然存在:农民工群体健康状况要明显好于流入地户籍人口健康状况;缺乏良好健康状况的农民工“返乡意愿”更为强烈。此外,健康选择机制还存在于“流近”与“流远”的农民工群体中。农民工健康状况在“国内跨省”“省内跨市”和“市内跨县”流动模式转向下呈现出健康状况梯级下降的空间格局。考虑到客观健康指标和流入地的社会环境(个人收入与流入地政府财政支出作为测量)后,“健康移民”效应仍在局部范围内存在。Using a combination of discrete multinomial logit,penalized maximum likelihood estimation,the KHB model,coarsened exact matching,and other quantitative models applied to data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS),this study investigates the evolving mobility patterns of migrant workers and the underlying mechanisms that influence their health outcomes.Additionally,we explore whether group differences in the health of migrant workers are primarily attributed to the act of migration or the surrounding social environment within different spatial mobility patterns,including"inter-province within the country","inter-city within the province",and"inter-county within the city".The findings of this study reveal the continued presence of the"migrant hypothesis"and"salmon bias"among migrant workers in China.It is evident that the health status of migrant workers is significantly better than that of urban locals,and those migrant workers with poorer health are more inclined to return to their hometowns.Furthermore,the"healthy selection"mechanism is also evident among migrant workers,regardless of whether they move within close proximity or over longer distances.The health status of migrant workers demonstrates a diminishing"differential pattern"within the various spatial mobility categories:"inter-province within the country","inter-city within the province",and"inter-county within the city".Even after considering objective health indicators and the social environment(such as personal income and government fiscal expenditures in the destination area),the"healthy migrant"effect persists to some extent.

关 键 词：流动人口 农民工 “健康移民”效应 “三文鱼”偏误 社会环境 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]