内卷化与后殖民——以爪哇稻作农业为核心的讨论  

Involution and Post——Colonization:Discussion Centered on Rice Farming in Java

作　　者：侯学然 HOU Xue-ran

机构地区：[1]中国艺术研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2023年第3期136-146,共11页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“川甘青传统藏族社会的亲属制度和基层政治结构”(批准号:21BM2003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪50年代,根据印度尼西亚的实地考察,格尔茨提出的“内卷化”主要指稻作农业的劳动边际报酬极度下降时,仍旧过多地投入劳动力。印尼内岛和外岛的生态系统、经济状况以及政治统治存在巨大张力、紧密的依存关系和二元发展。内卷化有着复杂的生成机制,从格尔茨的文化生态学观点、水利社会研究、殖民与现代世界体系等视角有助于综合理解“内卷化”的内涵以及概念形成的社会历史过程。结合李伯重江南人口史和农业生产的研究,指明束缚于“人口压力”说的黄宗智对于“内卷化”的误用和对城市系统与乡村系统依存关系的忽视。韦伯对于城乡依存关系的讨论为格尔茨的讨论奠定了比较研究的基础和走向。In the 1950s,according to the field investigation in Indonesia,the"Involution"proposed by Geertz mainly refers to the excessive input of labor in rice farming when the marginal return of labor is extremely reduced.The ecosystems,economic conditions,and political governance of Indonesia's inner and outer islands are under great tension,close interdependence and duality.Involution has a complex generative mechanism,From the perspectives of Geertz's cultural ecology,water conservancy society,colonization and modern world system,it is helpful to comprehensively understand the connotation of"Involution"and the social and historical process of concept formation.Combined with Li Bozhong's research on the population history and agricultural production in the regions south of the Yangtze River,this paper points out that Huang Zongzhi who is bound by the theory of"population pressure"and his neglect of the interdependence between urban and rural systems.Weber's discussion of urban-rural dependency laid the foundation and trend of comparative study for Geertz's discussion.

关 键 词：印尼爪哇 文化生态学 水利社会 内卷化 劳动力 殖民与现代世界体系 人口压力 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]