从回鹘文社会经济文书看元朝对畏兀儿地区的治理  

The Governance of the Uyghur Region in the Yuan Dynasty from the Uighur Civil Documents

作　　者：王红梅[1] WANG Hong-mei

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学,四川南充637002

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2023年第3期179-188,共10页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：教育部规划基金项目“从接纳到传承:宋元时期畏兀儿与中原文化交流研究”(批准号:19YJAZH085);国家社会科学基金西部项目“元代畏兀儿汉文文献整理与研究”(批准号:21XTQ002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文利用回鹘文社会经济文书和汉文史籍的记载,剖析了元朝对畏兀儿地区的治理模式及其变化。大蒙古汗国初期实行蒙古诸王与中央机构并存的管理体系。畏兀儿地区作为绿洲城镇之地,由中央政府委派地方官员来监督,亦都护政权保留着一定的政治权利。忽必烈即位之后,西北局势发生剧烈变化,中央政府为抵御诸王的叛乱,不断加强对畏兀儿地区的管辖,并派兵屯垦,增设驿站,发行交钞,促进经济的发展。然而,火州之战及洪水山之战给西域形势造成重大转折,元廷从积极开拓转变为消极防御的策略。元成宗即位后,采取积极进剿和分化瓦解的策略,最终彻底平定了叛乱。Using the Uighur civil documents and Chinese historical books,this paper analyzes the governance pattern and in the Uyghur region during the Yuan dynasty.At the beginning of the Great Mongol Khanate,Mongol kings and central authorities coexisted in the management system.As an oasis region,the Uyghur region was supervised by local officials appointed by the central government,while Uyghur Iduqqut also protected their regime and retained some political power.After Kublai Khan ascended to the throne,dramatic changes occurred in northwest China.In order to rebel against provincial kings,constantly strengthened its jurisdiction over the Uyghur region by establishing institutions such as Judicial Office,Supervisory Organs,Money Organs,and Beiting Protectorate.However,significant changes took place in Western Regions due to battles like Fire State Battle and Mount HongShui Battle which led to a shift in strategy for Yuan Dynasty from positive development to negative defense.Yuan Chengzong adopted an active strategy of suppression and disintegration which ultimately successfully suppressed rebellion completely.

关 键 词：元代 畏兀儿地区 回鹘文契约文书 边疆治理 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]