中国“病友”考论——从民国时期的麻风病人叙事切入  

An Essay on China's"Ward Mate"——From the Leprosy Patient Narratives during the Republic of China

作　　者：王剑利 WANG Jian-li

机构地区：[1]中国社会学科院,北京100732

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2023年第3期189-199,共11页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“糖尿病病友组织的人类学研究”(批准号:20FSHB002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：通过考证“病友”概念的嬗变,发现“同病友人”的“病友”含义发端于晚清民国时期,公共卫生运动中形成的麻风病友群体、肺结核病友群体等是现代意义上中国病友组织的开端。从民国时期报刊上的麻风病人叙事切入,考察病友群体得以形成的社会进程,研究发现,现代性的病友群体、病友同情与公众同情、科学话语和医学知识、医患互动格局等,协同地建构出来,亦形成病友的群体认同、身份更新的社会期待和构拟病友组织的文化理想。其中,麻风病友对“病院家庭化”的理想和努力顺应了基督教宣教的涵化实践,更融通了传统儒家家族主义与守望相助的文化惯性。病友群体是医疗社会变革的重要参与者和书写者;其实践中蕴含的文化原理与社会动力,预示着病友群体在当下社会进程中发挥主体性的方向和潜力,也揭示了“分享”生成社会组织的必要和可能。By examining the transmutation of the concept of"ward mate",it is found that the meaning of"ward mate"in the sense of"ward mate in the same sickness"was originated in the early 2Oth century.The"leprosy ward-mate group"and"tuberculosis ward-mate group"in the modern public health movement are the beginning of the Chinese ward-mate organization.This paper examines the social processes that led to the formation of ward-mate groups from the patient narratives in the 1930s and 1940s.In particular,in the process of the formation of leprosy ward mate groups,the modern ward-mate groups,patients'sympathy and public sympathy,the discourse of prevention and treatment science and medical knowledge,and the pattern of doctor-patient interactions,were synergistically constructed which also formed the group identity of the patients,the social expectation of identity renewal,and the formation of cultural ideals of ward-mate organizations.The ideal and efforts of leprosy patients toward a"familized hospital"revealed the transmission of Christian philosophy,as well as the integration of Confucius cultural tradition of familism and look-out-for-one-another.The ward-mate group is an important participant and writer of medical social change;the cultural principles and social dynamics embedded in its practice foreshadow the direction and potential of the ward-mate group's subjectivity in the current social process,and further implies the necessity and possibility of forming a social organization based on"sharing".

关 键 词：病友 病人叙事 麻风 《晨光季刊》 类家族主义 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]