石墨密封流固热耦合泄漏特性研究与公式构造  

Study on fluid-solid-thermal coupling leakage characteristics of graphite seal and formula construction

作　　者：赵欢 张然 孙丹 王双 胡海涛 常城 ZHAO Huan;ZHANG Ran;SUN Dan;WANG Shuang;HU Haitao;CHANG Cheng(Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System,School of Aero-engine,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136,China;Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment,Aero Engine Corporation of China,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室,沈阳110136 [2]中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院,成都610500

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2023年第11期2648-2658,共11页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075346);先进航空动力创新工作站项目(HKC2020-02-030)。

摘　　要：分析了石墨密封流固热多物理场耦合理论,建立了考虑石墨环变形的石墨密封流固热多物理场耦合数值求解模型,在验证模型准确性基础上,研究了碳石墨、浸锑石墨材料的石墨密封在不同压比、温度下的流场特性、结构力学特性以及泄漏特性,比较分析了石墨环变形前后密封泄漏量,并基于传统圆周石墨密封泄漏量公式构造了考虑石墨环变形的石墨密封泄漏量理论公式。结果表明:建立的石墨密封流固热多物理场耦合模型考虑了石墨环变形,可准确计算其泄漏流动特性与力学特性。流体在周向剪切流的作用下进入浅槽,并在浅槽内经挤压形成局部高压区。高压侧石墨环变形显著,其中碳石墨材料在高压比作用下变形明显,浸锑材料在高温作用下变形明显。当温度为400 K、压比为2~4时,碳石墨密封环变形量相较于浸锑材料平均减小了12.99%,密封泄漏量相比于浸锑石墨材料最大减小了6.89%。所构造的泄漏量理论公式可准确计算考虑石墨环变形的泄漏量,为石墨密封泄漏特性分析提供理论依据。The fluid-solid-thermal multi-physics coupling theory of graphite seal was analyzed,and a numerical solution model of graphite seal fluid-solid-thermal multi-physics coupling considering the deformation of graphite ring was established.On the basis of verifying the accuracy of the model,carbon graphite and antimony-impregnated graphite materials were studied.The flow field characteristics,the structural mechanical characteristics and leakage characteristics of the graphite seal at different pressure ratios and temperatures were compared and analyzed.The leakage of the graphite ring before and after the deformation was compared and analyzed,and based on the traditional circumferential graphite seal leakage formula,a theoretical formula for graphite seal leakage considering the deformation of the graphite ring was constructed.Results showed that the established graphite seal fluid-solid-thermal multi-physics coupling model considered the deformation of the graphite ring,and can accurately calculate the leakage flow characteristics and mechanical characteristics.The fluid entered the shallow groove under the action of the circumferential shear flow,and formed a local high pressure area by extrusion in the shallow groove.The deformation of the graphite ring on the high pressure side was obvious,of which the carbon-graphite material deformed significantly under the action of high pressure ratio,and the antimony impregnated material deformed significantly under the action of high temperature.When the temperature was 400 K and the pressure ratio was 2—4,the deformation of the carbon-graphite sealing ring was reduced by 12.99%on average compared with the antimony-impregnated material,and the seal leakage was reduced by 6.89%compared with the antimony-impregnated graphite material.The constructed leakage theoretical formula can accurately calculate the leakage considering the deformation of the graphite ring,thus providing a theoretical basis for the analysis of the leakage characteristics of the graphite seal.

关 键 词：石墨密封 多物理场耦合 泄漏特性 结构力学特性 公式构造 

分 类 号：V233.5[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]