一种防止气溶胶环境扩散新型垃圾桶的设计  

A new kind of garbage bin for preventing aerosol diffusion in the environment

作　　者：周莉[1] 曹炜[2] 野翠杰 李宏亮 Zhou Li;Cao Wei;Ye Cuijie;Li Hongliang(Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2Department of Critical Care Medicine,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院中医科,北京100070 [2]首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院重症医学科,北京100070

出　　处：《中国中西医结合急救杂志》2023年第4期488-490,共3页Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Intensive and Critical Care

基　　金：国家实用新型专利(专利号:ZL 202021271827.3);首都临床诊疗技术研究及转化应用项目(Z201100005520079)。

摘　　要：垃圾桶是日常生产、生活过程中,用于投放和储存废弃物的卫生用具。脚踩翻盖式垃圾桶是目前市面上销售的主流产品,但其顶盖开启、闭合的设计方式存在一定的不合理性,会在垃圾桶内外产生气体的压力梯度差,进而引起气溶胶的环境扩散。对于医疗卫生机构内设置的垃圾桶而言,其内部的医疗废弃物往往携带有多种致病微生物,如果在使用过程中生物气溶胶产生并扩散到环境中,会增加就诊患者及医务工作者感染呼吸系统烈性传染病的风险。本团队为此研究并设计了一种能防止气溶胶环境扩散的新型垃圾桶,该装置主要由桶体和多个可折叠的折片构成,后者两端设置在滑槽内,通过滑槽将多个折片的运动轨迹限定为水平运动,避免开启、闭合过程中在桶内外产生气体压力的变化,从而降低包括气溶胶在内的污物环境扩散的风险,并获得了国家实用新型专利(专利号:ZL 202021271827.3)。Garbage bin is a sanitary appliance that stores waste in daily production and life.Foot clamshell garbage bins are the mainstream products on the market.However,the design method of opening and closing the top cover is unreasonable,which will produce the pressure gradient difference of gas inside and outside the garbage bin and cause the environmental dissemination of aerosol.For the garbage bins set up in medical and health institutions,the medical waste inside them often carries a variety of pathogenic microorganisms.If bioaerosols are generated during use and spread to the environment,it will increase the risk of respiratory infectious diseases for patients and medical workers.This team researched and designed a new type of garbage bin that can prevent the diffusion of an aerosol environment.The device mainly comprises a bucket body and several folding pieces,and the two ends are arranged in the chute.Through the chute,the movement path of the folding pieces is limited to horizontal movement to avoid the pressure change of gas inside and outside the bucket during opening and closing,thus reducing the risk of environmental diffusion of pollutants,including aerosols,and obtaining the national utility model patent(patent number:ZL 202021271827.3).

关 键 词：垃圾桶 气溶胶 呼吸系统传染病 新型冠状病毒 

分 类 号：TB472[一般工业技术—工业设计]