产业数字化与性别雇佣偏好  

Industrial Digitalization and Gender Employment Preference

作　　者：王小琳 高翔 张瑜[3] 杨翠红[1,2] Xiaolin WANG;Xiang GAO;Yu ZHANG;Cuihong YANG(Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;Yangtze Industrial Economic Institute,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院,北京101408 [3]南京大学长江产业经济研究院,南京210093

出　　处：《计量经济学报》2023年第4期1063-1091,共29页China Journal of Econometrics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72103184,71988101);国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA062)

摘　　要：本文探讨了产业数字化对行业性别雇佣偏好的影响效应及其背后的作用机制.理论上,产业数字化可以通过提升机械化水平、促进服务化转型和增强培训投入力度,改变各行业生产、销售过程中的工作模式和岗位需求偏好,进而改变各行业对性别的雇佣偏好.实证上,通过编制2002、2007、2012和2017年103个行业全口径分性别就业数据,测度了4个年度各行业的性别雇佣偏好,在量化行业产业数字化的基础上运用双向固定效应模型进行计量分析.结果表明,产业数字化水平的提升会使各行业整体更偏好雇佣男性劳动力,扩大两性在性别雇佣偏好上的差距.分样本回归发现,产业数字化对行业性别雇佣偏好的扩大作用在偏好男性以及第二产业组别中更为明显.机制分析检验发现,上述异质性是由于产业数字化对不同类型行业性别雇佣偏好的作用机制(机械投入水平、服务化转型程度或培训投入力度)差异所导致.本文的研究为理解数字技术赋能产业后对性别就业结构、行业性别雇佣偏好等方面的作用提供了理论和现实依据.This paper investigates the effect and mechanisms of industrial digitization on gender employment preference.In theory,industrial digitization can change the work mode and job demand preferences by improving the level of mechanization,promoting service-oriented transformation,and enhancing training investment,thereby changing the employment preferences of various industries for gender.Based on this theoretical framework,we compiled industry-level data to measure the gender employment preference and industrial digitization level for 103 industries in China in 2002,2007,2012 and 2017.Then,using the panel regression model,we empirically verify how industrial digitization affects gender employment preference,including the mechanisms and differences.The results show that industrial digitization makes the industry prefer to hire men,and increase the gender gap in employment preferences.The sub-sample regression analysis reveals that the expansion effect of industrial digitalization on industry's gender employment preference is more pronounced in male-preferred and secondary industries.Besides,the mechanism analysis shows that the above heterogeneity is caused by the difference in the mechanism(mechanical input level,service transition degree,or training intensity)of industrial digitization on gender employment preferences in different industries.The findings of this paper have important theoretical and practical significance in understanding the role of digital technology empowering industries on the gender employment structure and preferences in the industry.

关 键 词：产业数字化 就业 劳动力结构 性别偏好 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F49[经济管理—国民经济] C913.14[社会学]