中国居民膳食结构的区域差异及其健康效应  

Regional differences and health effects of dietary pattern of Chinese residents

作　　者：汪紫薇 陈慧媛 朱晓华[3] Wang Ziwei;Chen Huiyuan;Zhu Xiaohua(College of Public Administration,Huazhong Agriculture University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Hubei General Institute of Planning and Design Co.,LTD,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学公共管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省规划设计研究总院有限责任公司,湖北武汉430064 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理科学》2023年第10期1825-1836,共12页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171230)资助。

摘　　要：聚焦“三大地区–九大农区–省域单元”等多种尺度,探究了1987—2017年中国居民膳食结构的区域演变特征,并深入解析了居民膳食结构变化的健康效应。结果表明:(1)中国居民膳食结构逐渐由“粮菜为主”向“多元化消费”转变,膳食质量普遍提高的同时动物源食品摄入量大幅增加。(2)人地关系的差异性驱动多尺度视角下各区域膳食结构向不同方向演进:东部地区动物源食品消费比例上升最快、西部地区始终是油脂类消费比例最高的地区、中部地区粮食消费量下降幅度最小;九大农区动物源食品消费量均呈上升趋势、其他类膳食消费各有所异;各省居民膳食结构尚未形成明显的地域空间分异格局。(3)恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑血管疾病以及内分泌营养和代谢疾病的死亡人数占总死亡人数的比例与动物源食品、油脂类消费量均呈显著正相关,与粮食消费量呈显著负相关。研究成果以期为科学制定中国城乡居民膳食结构平衡对策提供理论依据和现实参考。Exploring the evolution of dietary pattern and their health effects is of great significance for the implementation of food security and Healthy China initiative.Focusing on multiple scales such as "three major regions,nine agricultural regions—provincial units",this paper explored the regional evolution characteristics of the dietary pattern of Chinese residents from 1987 to 2017,and deeply analyzed the health effects of changes in the dietary pattern of residents.The results showed that:1) The dietary pattern of Chinese residents had gradually changed from "grain and vegetable-based" to "diversified consumption",and the dietary quality had generally improved while the intake of animalsourced food had increased significantly.2) Differences in the human-environment relationships drove the evolution of dietary pattern in different regions from a multi-scale perspective:The proportion of animal-source food consumption in the eastern region had risen fastest,the western region had always been the region with the highest proportion of oil and fat consumption,and the central region had the smallest decline in grain consumption;The consumption of animalsourced food in the nine agricultural regions all showed an upward trend,and the consumption of other types of meals was different;The dietary pattern of residents in each province had not yet formed a significant territorial spatial differentiation pattern.3) Malignant tumors,heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,and endocrine nutrition and metabolic diseases were significantly positively correlated with the consumption of animal-derived foods and oils,and were significantly negatively correlated with the food consumption.The research results are expected to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for scientifically formulating strategies to balance the dietary pattern of Chinese urban and rural residents.

关 键 词：膳食结构演变 健康效应 粮食安全 营养均衡 

分 类 号：K901.2[历史地理—人文地理学] F329.9[经济管理—产业经济]