从近世道学热到新文学中的老庄重构  

The Revival of Taoism in Modern Times and the Regeneration of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi in New Literature

作　　者：狄霞晨 Di Xiachen(Institute of Literature,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200235,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院文学研究所,上海200235

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期118-126,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“《国粹学报》与中国近代文学观念的转型”(项目批准号:ZWB291)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以老子、庄子为代表的道家学说在近世中国、日本及欧洲悄然兴起。道家的先驱性和革命性在晚清国粹派和新文化人的“接力”下得到了发挥,其文学意义也得到了新的阐扬。在诸子学复兴背景下重读鲁迅作品《出关》与《起死》,对比道家原典及章太炎相关研究,不难发现鲁迅改编的用心所在。《出关》中的孔老之争虽出自章太炎的早期学说,鲁迅却以此影射种种文坛纷争,在小说中传达丰富而独特的生命体悟。《起死》中的庄子则被赋予了较强的儒家色彩,反讽意味强烈。通过对老庄故事的新编,道家思想的现代价值得以发掘,老子、庄子借助大众喜闻乐见的文学形式进入了现代读者的视野之中并得以重构。Taoism,represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi,was paid much attention in early modern China,Japan,and Europe.It was regarded as an advanced and revolutionary school which is also beneficial for Chinese literature,according to the Nationalist school and the New Culture school.In the context of the revival of Pre⁃Qin Philosophies,Lu Xuns story“Chu Guan”(to leave the Hangu Pass)and the play“Qi Si”(to bring the dying back to life)could be understood in another way.Although the dispute between Confucius and Lao Zi in“Chu Guan”came from Zhang Taiyans early research,Lu Xun used it to allude to various literary disputes,conveying his unique understanding of life.Zhuangzi was confucianized in“Qi Si,”with a strong sense of irony.The modern value of Taoist thought has been explored through the new adaptation of the stories,Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi also regenerated through popular literary forms in modern times.

关 键 词：诸子学复兴 国粹派 道家 鲁迅 《故事新编》 

分 类 号：I210.976[文学—中国文学]