文化自觉:民族社会工作在地化服务策略——以三江侗族自治县D社会工作机构为例  

Cultural Self-Awareness:Localized Service Strategies of Ethnic Social Work—Taking the D Social Work Organization in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County as an Example

作　　者：徐其龙 吕星都 李秋蓉 Xu Qilong;Lv Xingdu;Li Qiurong(School of Politics and Public Administration,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,541006,Guangxi;Legal Office,People s Bank of China Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Branch,Guilin,541000,Guangxi;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning,530021,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学政治与公共管理学院,广西桂林541006 [2]中国人民银行广西壮族自治区分行法律事务处,广西南宁530000 [3]广西医科大学人文社会科学学院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第6期105-114,151,共11页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：2021年度广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目“乡村振兴背景下广西新型乡村共同体构建路径研究”(2021KY0042);2021年国家社科基金青年项目“中国农村社会工作史研究”(21CSH001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民族社会工作实践中强调社会工作者的“文化敏感”,而“文化敏感”背后的专业性和理论预设会不自觉地导致社会工作理论与实践、知识与现实之间张力问题。本文以三江侗族自治县D社会工作机构实践为例,从文化自觉视角出发,分析和探究本土社会工作者开展民族社会工作的在地化行动策略,在此基础上提炼出社会工作的实践智慧。研究发现,本土社会工作者在针对民族群体开展社会工作服务时不是套用“专业”的社会工作方法开展服务,而是从民族传统、生活经验、权力文化网络与民族习俗中寻找开展服务的切入点,自觉地利用默会知识和地方性知识来满足服务对象需求,有效避免了沟通障碍、“文化识盲”等问题。从“文化敏感”到“文化自觉”为中国社会工作者反思实践中的文化问题提供视角转变的可能,可进一步探讨社会工作本土专业性的形成逻辑,建构面向在地实践专业化的中国社会工作之路。In ethnic social work practice,a strong emphasis is placed on the“cultural sensitivity”of social workers.However,the underlying professional orientation and theoretical assumptions behind this concept of“cultural sensitivity”may inadvertently create tensions between social work theory and practice as well as knowledge and reality.This study focuses on the concept of“cultural self-awareness”in ethnic social work practice,explores its relationship with“professionalism”in the field of social work,and delves deep into cultural questions related to social work practice.This study takes the practice of the D Social Work Organization in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County as an example and analyzes the strategies employed by local social workers in ethnic social work practice from the perspective of cultural self-awareness.Additionally,it summarizes and extracts the practical wisdom of social work.The findings bring to light the following key points:(1)D Organization in Sanjiang gives priority to hiring as well as training and development of local individuals as social workers.(2)Social workers established trust with the Dong people and lowered their guardedness by utilizing the pretext of“civil affairs”and public services when accessing the Dong villages.(3)Through engaging in“casual conversations”with the Dong people in Dong language,social workers and service recipients established a sense of shared understanding,facilitated by their common linguistic background.(4)By immersing themselves in public spaces like e.g.the Drum Tower,social workers gained valuable insights into the needs of the Dong people.The Dong people felt at ease expressing their demands and genuine thoughts in familiar settings.(5)By employing local resources such as“Dong medicine”and“preaching provisions”in ethnic customs,social workers could naturally identify valuable and trustworthy local assets,and designed service plans that were well-received by the service recipients.The implementation of this array of localizedst

关 键 词：文化自觉 文化敏感 民族社会工作 在地化 实践 

分 类 号：C957[社会学—民族学]