从含钒酸浸液中萃取提钒的研究进展  

Solvent Extraction of Vanadium from Vanadium−bearing Acid Leaching Solution

作　　者：项新月 叶国华[1] 朱思琴 荣一阳 张云 宋昌溆 XIANG Xinyue;YE Guohua;ZHU Siqin;RONG Yiyang;ZHANG Yun;SONG Changxu(Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《矿产保护与利用》2023年第5期170-178,共9页Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51964028)。

摘　　要：针对含钒酸浸液净化与富集的难题,评述了其萃取提钒的研究进展。常规萃取时,酸性磷类萃取剂具有萃钒效率高、分相快等优点,但其除杂不彻底,且需消耗大量的酸;碱性胺类萃取剂具有较好选择性,且除杂彻底,但易产生第三相;螯合萃取剂能缩短萃取流程,萃余液中的游离酸还可循环使用,具有良好经济效益,但其降解问题仍未得到解决。新型萃取方法中,液膜萃取工艺简单、传质效率高、金属离子富集比高,但存在萃取流程长、药剂用量大、有机相损失多等缺点;离子液体具有许多优势,但由于其制备成本高,尚无法大规模投产应用;微乳液萃取具有分离速度快、分离效率高和选择性好的优点,但会产生氨氮废水;近年来协同萃取被广泛研究,但如何有效抑制拮抗作用使其充分发挥作用,尚需进一步研究。Aiming at the problem of vanadium purification and enrichment for vanadium-containing acid leaching solution,the research progress of vanadium extraction is reviewed.In conventional extraction,acidic phosphorus extractant has the advantages of high efficiency of vanadium extraction and fast phase separation,but its impurity removal is not complete and requires a large amount of acid.The alkaline amine extractant has good selectivity and thorough impurity removal,but it is easy to produce the third phase.Chelating extractant can shorten the extraction process,and the free acid in the raffinate can also be recycled,which has good economic benefits,but its degradation problem has not been solved.Among the new extraction methods,the liquid membrane extraction process is simple,the mass transfer efficiency is high,and the metal ion enrichment ratio is high.However,it has the disadvantages of long extraction process,large dosage of reagents,and high organic phase loss.Ionic liquids have many advantages,but they cannot be put into large−scale production and application due to their high preparation cost.Microemulsion extraction has the advantages of fast separation speed,high separation efficiency,and good selectivity,but it will produce ammonia nitrogen wastewater.In recent years,synergistic extraction has been widely studied,but how to effectively inhibit its antagonistic effect and make it fully play its role needs further study.

关 键 词：钒 酸浸 萃取 萃取剂 液膜萃取 离子液体 

分 类 号：TF804.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF841.3