隧道光面爆破参数优化及应用研究  

Study on Optimization and Application of Tunnel Smooth Blasting Parameters

作　　者：杨瑞 罗韩军 陈雁斌 张小宁 冯少华 YANG Rui;LUO Hanjun;CHEN Yanbin;ZHANG Xiaoning;FENG Shaohua(China Railway Seventh Bureau Group Xi’an Railway Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁七局集团西安铁路工程有限公司,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《施工技术（中英文）》2023年第22期97-102,共6页Construction Technology

摘　　要：以兰合铁路西固隧道为工程背景,针对非光面爆破岩石层出现严重裂缝或破碎,轮廓面存在起伏不平、表面凹凸不一,挖掘深度超出或达不到预期限度等难题,提出将光面爆破方案应用于隧道掘进爆破。通过对钻孔直径、不耦合系数、周边眼间距、炮眼装药系数和装药量等光面爆破参数进行合理设计及优化研究,得到了较好的爆破效果。光面爆破减少了爆破对围岩的破坏与损伤,使轮廓壁面光滑平整,整体受力稳定性能较好,平均线性超挖量由非光面爆破的25cm减小为14cm,局部欠挖量从18cm下降到5cm范围以内,极大地改善了超欠挖现象的发生,减少了二衬喷射混凝土的用量,炮孔利用率从非光面爆破的75%提高到光面爆破的90%,在加快施工进度、保障施工安全的同时,实现了对施工成本的有效控制。Taking Xigu Tunnel of Lanzhou to Hefei Railway as the engineering background,aiming at the problems of serious cracks or breakage in the rock layer of non-smooth blasting,uneven contour surface,uneven surface,and excavation depth exceeding or failing to reach the expected limit,the smooth blasting scheme is proposed to be applied to tunnel excavation blasting.Through the reasonable design and optimization of smooth blasting parameters including borehole diameter,uncoupling coefficient,peripheral hole spacing,blast hole charge coefficient and charge quantity,good blasting effect is obtained.Smooth blasting reduces the damage and damage of blasting to surrounding rock,makes the contour wall smooth and flat,and has good overall stress stability.The average linear overbreak is reduced from 25cm of non-smooth blasting to 14cm,and the local under-excavation amount is reduced from 18cm to 5cm.The occurrence of overbreak and underbreak is greatly improved,and the amount of secondary lining shotcrete is reduced.The utilization rate of blast hole is increased from 75%of nonsmooth blasting to 90%of smooth blasting.While speeding up the construction progress and ensuring the construction safety,the effective control of construction cost is realized.

关 键 词：隧道工程 光面爆破 爆破参数 利用率 施工进度 

分 类 号：U416[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]