湘桂边苗族汉话的完整体标记及其来源探析  

An Analysis of the Perfective Marker and the Origin of the Miao Nationality's Han Dialect in the Region of Hunan-Guangxi Border

作　　者：沈敏[1] SHEN Min(International College of Chinese Language&Culture,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学国际汉语文化学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《城市学刊》2023年第5期102-108,共7页Journal of Urban Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目(21&ZD291)。

摘　　要：湘桂边苗族汉话动词后虚化成分“呱”“哇”“咧”在性质上存在“结果补语—动相补语—体助词”的连续统。各苗族汉话点核心完整体标记在语法化程度上内部一致性较强,从句法适配度、使用强制性和能否用于无界事件等角度看,苗族汉话的核心完整体标记“呱”“哇”“咧”的语法化程度明显高于湘语的“咖”,接近于普通话的词尾“了”。从来源看,关峡、兰蓉点的核心完整体标记均用“呱”,是借用或转用老湘语体标记的结果。伟江点的“哇”与“呱”同源,是“呱”语音弱化、声母脱落的结果,可从语音演变及移民史两方面得到证实。车田点核心完整体标记“咧”可能来自西南官话的“了”,亦可能来自苗语底层从位移动词演化为完成体助词的“lɛ^(24)”。Continuum of“result complement—phase complement—aspect marker”exists in grammaticalized component after verb“kua”(呱)“wa”(哇)“lie”(咧)of Miao’s Han dialect in the region of Hunan-Guangxi border.There is a strong internal consistency in the grammaticalization degree with regard to the core perfective markers of the Miao’s Han dialect in the region of Hunan-Guangxi border.From the perspectives of syntactic adaptation,usage compulsion and unbounded events applicable,the grammaticalization degree of the core perfective markers“kua”(呱)“wa”(哇)“lie”(咧)in Miao’s Han dialect is higher than that of the“ka”(咖)in Xiang dialect,which is close to the sentence-end“le”(了)in Mandarin.From the perspective of origin,the core perfective marker in Guanxia and Lanrong is“kua”(呱),which is the result of borrowing or switching from the marker in the old Xiang dialect.It can be inferred from the immigration history and phonetic evolution that the perfective marker“wa”(哇)used in Weijiang shares the same origin with“kua”(呱),which is the result of the loss of consonant of the latter.The core perfective marker“lie”(咧)in Chetian may come from the southwest Mandarin“le”(了)or may come from the bottom of the perfective aspect“lɛ^(24)”in Miao’s own language.

关 键 词：苗族汉话 完整体标记 语法化 来源 

分 类 号：H07[语言文字—语言学]