人工藻结皮对旱区农田土壤风蚀的防控效应  

Effects of Artificial Cyanobacterial Crust on Soil Wind Erosion Control in Arid Regions

作　　者：黄明辉 赵允格 高丽倩 Huang Minghui;Zhao Yunge;Gao Liqian(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第5期1-6,26,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原生物结皮对坡面水土流失过程的影响及模拟”(41830758),“土壤颗粒组成对生物结皮稳定性的影响及机制”(41907056);中国科学院“西部之光”交叉团队项目—重点实验室合作研究专项(2019);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2452020237)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析人工藻结皮对土壤起沙风速和风蚀速率的影响及其风蚀防控效果,探索人工藻结皮在农田土壤风蚀防控中的可行性,为农田土壤风蚀防控提供新思路。[方法]研究了400,600,800,1 000,1 200 ml/m^(2)共5个藻液接种量对农田土壤藻结皮形成的影响,进而采用风洞试验,研究人工藻结皮对土壤风蚀的防控效应,探讨了该技术应用于农田土壤风蚀防控的可行性。[结果]在室外自然环境条件下,通过接种藻液可形成不同盖度的藻结皮。藻接种量为1 200 ml/m^(2)时,培养14 d盖度可达30%,50 d后,其盖度可达60%以上,藻生物量、结皮厚度是对照的52和9倍,均有显著差异(p<0.05)。人工藻结皮可显著提高农田土壤的起沙风速,降低风蚀速率。当藻结皮盖度为30%左右,起沙风速(9 m/s)较裸土增加44%,风蚀速率较裸土降低80%以上。[结论]通过在农田土壤接种藻液形成藻结皮,可显著改变土壤物理属性,增强土壤抗风蚀性。农田土壤接种藻液形成藻结皮可以作为一种快速、有效的方法应用于农田土壤风蚀防控。[Objective]The influence factors of artificial cyanobacterial crust on soil threshold wind velocity and wind erosion rate,and the effects of wind erosion prevention and control were analyzed,and the feasibility of using artificial cyanobacterial crust to prevent and control wind erosion on farmland soil was explored,in order to provide a new idea for farmland soil wind erosion prevention and control.[Methods]The effects of five inoculum amounts of cyanobacterial liquid,which were 400,600,800,1000,1200 ml/m^(2),on the formation of cyanobacterial crust on farmland soil were investigated.The effects and feasibility of using artificial cyanobacterial crust to reduce soil wind erosion were tested and estimated using wind tunnel tests.[Results]Cyanobacterial crusts of different coverages could be formed under outdoor conditions by inoculating the soil with cyanobacteria liquid having different inoculum amounts.When the cyanobacteria inoculum amount was 1200 ml/m^(2),the coverage could reach 30%after 14 days of cultivation,and the coverage was greater than 60%after 50 days of cultivation.The biomass and thickness of the artificial cyanobacteria crust were 52 and 9 times of that of the control,respectively(p<0.05).Artificial cyanobacterial crust significantly increased the threshold wind velocity for soil erosion and decreased the wind erosion rate.When the coverage of cyanobacterial crust was 30%,the threshold wind velocity(9 m/s)increased by 44%and the wind erosion rate decreased by more than 80%.[Conclusion]Inoculating farmland soil with cyanobacterial liquid can form a crust that can significantly change soil physical properties and enhance soil resistance to wind erosion.The formation of cyanobacterial crust on farmland soil by inoculation with cyanobacterial solution can be used as a rapid and effective method for prevention and control of soil erosion by wind.

关 键 词：农田风蚀 人工培育 藻结皮 起沙风速 风蚀速率 干旱地区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]