基于流域系统地貌信息熵的贺斯格乌拉露天矿区稳定性评价  

Stability Assessment of Hesigewula Open-pit Coal Mine Based on Geomorphic Information Entropy of Watershed System

作　　者：赵水霞 王文君[2] 吴英杰[2] 刘艳萍[2] 李玮 全强[2] 庄帅 Zhao Shuixia;Wang Wenjun;Wu Yingjie;Liu Yanping;Li Wei;Quan Qiang;Zhuang Shuai(Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100038 [2]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第5期141-147,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“内蒙古典型矿区生态修复技术集成与示范”(2020ZD0020);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“基于物联网和无人机遥感技术的荒漠草原生态系统监测研究与示范”(2021GG0050);中国水科院“五大人才”创新团队项目(MK0145B022021)。

摘　　要：[目的]开展露天矿区稳定性评价,为矿区地貌重塑、生态环境修复及水土流失监测等提供技术支撑。[方法]以流域系统地貌信息熵为评价指标,基于ArcHydro水文模型及流域自相似原理,对露天矿区及周边未扰动区地貌形态稳定性进行评价,探究矿区水土流失风险及其侵蚀强度。[结果]受矿区剥离、采掘、运输及排弃等一系列工艺的影响,内蒙古贺斯格乌拉露天矿区现状地貌信息熵多集中在0.105~0.145,流域地貌系统发育多为幼年期或壮年偏幼年期,流域侵蚀风险较高;原始地貌及未扰动区地貌信息熵多大于0.40,为稳定的壮年期或老年期,地势平缓,土壤侵蚀模数较小。[结论]以贺斯格乌拉露天煤矿为例,受矿区原始地貌、矿区开采顺序及排土场位置等影响,水土流失风险呈现由南向北逐渐递增的趋势特征,可以作为露天矿区地貌重塑及生态环境修复的依据。[Objective]The stability evaluation of an open-pit mining area was carried out in order to provide technical support for landform remodeling,ecological environment restoration,and soil erosion monitoring in a mining area.[Methods]The ArcHydro hydrological model and watershed self-similarity principle were used in this study.The stability of geomorphic forms in an open-pit mining area and in the surrounding undisturbed area was evaluated using the geomorphic information entropy evaluation index.The risk of soil erosion and erosion intensity in the mine area were also determined.[Results]The geomorphic information entropy of the Hesigewula open-pit coal mine area in Inner Mongolia was affected by a series of processes such as stripping,mining,transportation,and disposal,and was mostly concentrated in the index value range of 0.10^(5)—0.145.The geomorphic system development of the watershed in the mining area was mostly in the juvenile stage or middle-aged to juvenile stage.The risk of watershed erosion was high.Most of the information entropy of the original landform and undisturbed area was greater than 0.40,where the watershed geomorphic system was stable and strong,with flat terrain and small soil erosion modulus.[Conclusion]The risk of soil erosion gradually increased from south to north at the Hesigewula open-pit mine due to the original landform of the mining area,the mining sequence,and the location of the dump site.The results of this study can be used as the basis for landform reconstruction and ecological environment restoration of similar open-pit coal mines.

关 键 词：地貌信息熵 矿区 流域系统 侵蚀风险 地貌重塑 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学] P933[农业科学—农业基础科学]