基于RUSLE的黑土区典型县域土壤侵蚀时空变化特征研究  

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Soil Erosion in Typical Counties of Black Soil Region Based on RUSLE

作　　者：王婷 陆忠军 宁静[2] 付斌 辛蕊 黄楠 赵博文 Wang Ting;Lu Zhongjun;Ning Jing;Fu Bin;Xin Rui;Huang Nan;Zhao Bowen(Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086,China;School of Public Administration and Law,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院农业遥感与信息研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]东北农业大学公共管理与法学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150300 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第5期227-234,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“基于大数据耕地资源评价利用技术与工具”(2022YFF0711803);黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关课题(2021ZXJ05A0501)。

摘　　要：[目的]明确土壤侵蚀时空变化特征,为土壤侵蚀防治与水土保持效益评估提供参考依据。[方法]基于RUSLE土壤侵蚀方程,在RS和GIS技术支持下,分析2000—2020年典型黑土区黑龙江省宾县土壤侵蚀时空演变特征,并探究地形因子及土地利用对土壤侵蚀的影响。[结果](1)2000,2010,2020年宾县平均土壤侵蚀模数分别为893.02,499.84,1 561.02 t/(km^(2)·a),土壤侵蚀强度整体以微度和轻度为主。(2)低强度侵蚀全区域均有分布,高强度侵蚀主要分布在南部山区;(3)100~200 m是侵蚀分布的主要高程带;土壤侵蚀面积与坡度成反比,0°~5°是主要侵蚀坡度带;偏北坡方向的土壤侵蚀面积大于偏南坡方向;(4)研究区坡耕地土壤侵蚀模数和侵蚀面积较大,是宾县土壤侵蚀治理的重点区域。[结论] 2000—2020年宾县平均土壤侵蚀模数呈现先增加后减少的趋势,具有显著的时空分异特征,地形因子和土地利用变化对该区土壤侵蚀驱动作用明显。可以作为黑土区土壤侵蚀防治和水土保持效益评估的参考依据。[Objective]The spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion were analyzed in order to provide a reference for soil erosion control and evaluation of soil and water conservation benefits.[Methods]Based on the RUSLE soil erosion equation,the spatial-temporal evolution of soil erosion in the typical black soil region of Binxian County,Heilongjiang Province from^(2)000 to 2020 was analyzed with the support of RS and GIS.The effects of topographic factors and land use on soil erosion were also investigated.[Results]①The average modulus of soil erosion in 2000,2010,and 2020 was 893.02 t/(km^(2)·yr),499.84 t/(km^(2)·yr),and 1561.02 t/(km^(2)·yr),respectively.The soil erosion intensity was mainly classified as slight and mild.②The low intensity erosion was distributed across the entire region,and the high intensity erosion was mainly located in the southern mountainous area.③Erosion mainly occurred at elevations of 100 to 200 m.Soil erosion area was inversely proportional to slope.0°—5°slope was the main erosion gradient zone.Soil erosion area in the direction of the north slope was larger than in the direction of the south slope;④The soil erosion modulus and the area of sloping farmland in the study area were larger.This area is the key area for soil erosion control in Binxian County,Heilongjiang Province.[Conclusion]From^(2)000 to 2020,the average soil erosion modulus initially increased and then decreased,showing a significant spatiotemporal differentiation.Topographic factors and land use change had significant driving effects on soil erosion in the study area.It can be used as a reference for soil erosion control and soil and water conservation benefit evaluation in black soil region.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 RUSLE 黑龙江省宾县 时空变化 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] K903[农业科学—农业基础科学]