17种中药材中重金属污染分析与健康风险评估  

Pollution analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals inseventeen kinds of Chinese medicinal materials

作　　者：闫研 秦斌 梁雪 连少敏 王冰 王炳志 严义勇 殷果 YAN Yan;QIN Bin;LIANG Xue;LIAN Shaomin;WANG Bing;WANG Bingzhi;YAN Yiyong;YIN Guo(NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control,Shenzhen 518057,China;Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518101,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市药品检验研究院,国家药品监督管理局中药质量研究与评价重点实验室,广东深圳518057 [2]深圳市易瑞生物技术股份有限公司,广东深圳518101

出　　处：《药学研究》2023年第11期902-908,共7页Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(No.2021A0505080003)。

摘　　要：目的 对17种中药材中残留的5种重金属进行污染程度评价和健康风险评估,为中药材快速检验方法的开发提供理论依据和数据支持。方法 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定17种中药材中的重金属残留量,采用超标率、单因子污染指数法、内梅罗污染综合指数法进行重金属污染程度评价,采用每日最大可耐受摄入量(estimated daily intake, EDI)、靶向危害系数(target hazard quotients, THQ)、累计目标危害系数(total target hazard quotient, TTHQ)进行健康风险评估。结果 17种中药材按总超标率大小排序为干姜>独活>柴胡>细辛>白附子>川芎>天麻>沉香>板蓝根>菊花>阳春砂>栀子>芡实>白芷>金银花>广藿香>苍术;Hg超标最普遍,涉及14种药材,以干姜中Hg超标最严重,导致干姜的单项和综合污染指数评价均为重度污染级,3种污染评价结果基本一致;有13种药材还存在多种重金属同时超标现象,如白附子存在Cd、Pb、Hg和As 4种重金属超标;17种中药材的健康评估风险均无明显的健康风险危害。结论 17种药材均存在不同程度的重金属超标现象,污染现象普遍,形势严峻,虽然无明显健康危害,但重金属累积风险的加重,势必会影响中药材质量,进而危害人体健康,因此,要对中药材重金属污染问题加以重视,并采取有利的监测手段加以控制。Objective To evaluate the pollution level and health risk of 5 kinds of heavy metals in 17 kinds of Chinese medicine materials,and to provide theoretical basis and data support for the development of rapid test methods for Chinese medicinal materials.Methods The residual amount of heavy metals in 17 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials was determined by ICP-MS.The over standard rate,single factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index were used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution.Estimated daily intake(EDI),target hazard quotients(THQ)and total target hazard quotient(TTHQ)for health risk assessment.Results According to the total over standard rate 17 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials were listed as follows:Zingiberis Rhizoma>Angelicae Pubescentis Radix>Bupleuri Radix>Asari Radix Et Rhizoma>Typhonii Rhizoma>Chuanxiong Rhizoma>Gastrodiae Rhizoma>Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum>Isatidis Radix>Chrysanthemi Flos>Amomum Villosum>Gardeniae Fructus>EuryAles Semen>Angelicae Dahuricae Radix>Lonicerae Japonicae Flos>Pogostemonis Herba>Atractylodis Rhizoma.Hg exceeded the standard most commonly,involving 14 kinds of medicinal materials,especially in Zingiberis Rhizoma,resulting in the single and comprehensive pollution index evaluation of Zingiberis Rhizoma were serious pollution level,the three pollution evaluation results were basically consistent.There were also multiple heavy metals exceeding the standard in 13 kinds of medicinal materials,among which Cd,Pb,Hg and As in Typhonii Rhizoma were exceeding the standard.The health assessment risk of 17 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials have no obvious health risk hazards.Conclusion All the 17 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials have different degrees of excessive heavy metals,and the pollution phenomenon is widespread and the situation is severe.Although there is no obvious health harm,the aggravation of the cumulative risk of heavy metals is bound to affect the quality of Chinese medicinal materials and endanger human health.Therefore,attenti

关 键 词：中药材 重金属 污染程度评价 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R927.1[医药卫生—药学]