生态脆弱区生态安全格局构建研究  

Research on ecological security pattern construction in vulnerable ecological region

作　　者：马晓琳 郭莎莎 徐扬 魏子谦 高子婷 于力 侯建丽 MA Xiaolin;GUO Shasha;XU Yang;WEI Ziqian;GAO Ziting;YU Li;HOU Jianli(National Engineering Research Center of Building Technology,Beijing 100013,China;China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]国家建筑工程技术研究中心,北京100013 [2]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第22期9500-9513,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3802805)。

摘　　要：构建生态脆弱区生态安全格局对维护区域生态安全至关重要。传统的生态安全格局构建多以静态生态指示因子为基础指标,对重要物种的迁徙过程考虑较少,容易忽略生态服务和物种丰富度较低、但对物种迁徙具有重要意义的区域,造成栖息地功能性丧失。因此,以日喀则市为例,基于生境适宜性评价进行生态源地识别,从地形、土地利用等方面构建生态阻力评价指标体系,应用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)识别生态廊道,并将生态廊道与阻力脊线的交点作为生态节点,进而结合生态服务空间特征构建生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)生态源地以草地、未利用地、水域和林地为主,面积8.3万km^(2),主要集中在日喀则南部沟谷地区、中部雅江河谷地区和北部高山地区;(2)生态廊道累积长达5135 km,主要沿河流或者山体呈网状分布;(3)生态节点主要分布在南部边境地区,用地类型以未利用地为主,是未来需要加强保护的关键区域;(4)建议构建“两屏—一流域”的生态安全格局,保障全市生态安全。该区域总面积5.17万km^(2),约占市域总面积的29%,能够支持12种物种栖息及迁徙,并分别保护了全域72.0%的水源涵养极重要区、69.9%的土壤保持极重要区、57.5%的防风固沙极重要区和99.6%的碳固定极重要区。生态廊道和生态系统服务相结合构建区域生态安全格局可为脆弱区生态系统和物种保护提供决策工具。The construction of ecological security pattern in vulnerable ecological region is essential to maintain regional ecological security.The traditional methods of constructing ecological security patterns mostly take static ecological indicators as the basic indexes and give less consideration to the migration processes of major species,which easily ignore areas with low ecological services and species abundance but important for species migration,resulting in functional loss of habitats.Therefore,taking Shigatse as an example,this paper identified ecological sources based on the evaluation of habitat suitability and constructed an index system for ecological resistance evaluation in terms of topography and land use.We used the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR)to identify ecological corridors,took the intersection of ecological corridors and resistance ridges as ecological nodes,and then constructed an ecological security pattern by combining the spatial characteristics of ecological services.Results indicate that:(1)the ecological source of Shigatse covered an area of 82588 km^(2),accounting for about 46% of its entire territory.It was mainly distributed in the southern gorge area,the central valley area of Yarlung Tsangpo River and the northern alpine area,with grassland,water,woodland and unused land as the main land types.(2)The cumulative length of ecological corridors was 5,135 km,which were distributed in a network,linking the city′s important habitats closely,and were similar to the ecologically spatial distribution in the city.The corridors were mainly distributed along rivers and mountains.During the construction of corridors,attention should be paid to the greening of both sides of the water and the ecological protection of the mountains.(3)Ecological nodes are key points with weak ecological functions,and their protection should be strengthened to improve their connectivity.In this study,a total of 67 ecological nodes were identified,which were mainly distributed in the southern border area,mai

关 键 词：生境适宜性评价 生态安全格局 MaxEnt模型 MCR模型 日喀则市 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]