中国竞技话语的身体知识型之近现代转捩  

The Transition of Body Knowledge in the Discourse of Chinese Athletics from Modern to Contempo-rary Times

作　　者：张震[1] 甄岢鑫 ZHANG Zhen;ZHEN Kexin(College of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 20024l,China;Department of Physical Education,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 10008l,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [2]北京外国语大学体育教研部,北京100081

出　　处：《体育与科学》2023年第6期10-18,共9页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新发展阶段中国体育战略转型与发展模式创新研究”,项目号:21&ZD343。

摘　　要：在近现代“物竞天择”的国际政治生态下,竞技成为非常重要的身体知识型,为动员举国力量提供了精神与物质的双重支撑。“竞技”一词由日语译入,用于翻译athletics,sports等词,在与中国古典竞争观念冲突融合过程中,发生了福柯知识考古学意义上的“古代知识型”向“现代知识型”的转捩,体现为四方面:(1)由君王和贵族的政治身体之竞技转化为举国之民参与的身体政治;(2)由大众娱乐消遣和民间祭祀的竞赛活动转化为国家在场的全民政治祭祀;(3)由“非道德”的身体话语转化为包含女性在内之全民都要承担的道德责任;(4)由自上而下的政治转化为日常生活的知识话语,完成了从全国竞技到全民竞技的转型。竞技话语的身体知识构建,其表层是健康知识、卫生观念和身体管理方式的变化,实质却是国家权力结构透过身体知识型的变化,实现了现代性规训的转捩。在竞技话语的知识中,民族权力被强健的身体、积极竞争的精神和坚忍的意志所表征。竞技话语所体现的集体理念对中华民族共同体意识的构建有着重要的意义,也是想象共同体生产的身体主体。Under the international political ecology of"survival of the fittest"in modern times,athletics has become an extremely im-portant form of bodily knowledge,providing both spiritual and material support for the mobilization of national power.The term"Jing Ji"was translated from Japanese and is used to translate words such as athletics and sports.In the process of conflicting and merging with the classical Chinese concept of competition,a Foucauldian archaeological shift from""ancient knowledge form"to"modern knowledge form"occurred,reflected in four aspects:(1)The competition of the political body of kings and nobles trans-formed into the bodily politics participated by the whole nation;(2)The competitive activities of mass entertainment and folk sacri-fices were politicized into national political sacrifices;(3)The"non-moral"bodily discourse was transformed into a moral responsi-bility that everyone,including women,must bear;(4)The top-down politics was transformed into the everyday knowledge dis-course,completing the transition from national athletics to universal athletics.The construction of bodily knowledge in athletic dis-course,on the surface,is the change in health knowledge,hygiene concepts,and body management methods,but in essence,it is the transformation of the state power structure through the change in bodily knowledge form,achieving a turning point in modern discipline.In the knowledge of athletic discourse,national power is characterized by strong bodies,competitive spirits,and tenacious wills.The collective concept embodied in the athletic discourse has significant implications for the construction of the Chinese nation-al community consciousness and is also the bodily subject of the imagined community production.

关 键 词：竞技话语 身体知识型 转捩 具身 话语 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]