操纵体育赛事之国际规制路径与镜鉴  

International Regulatory Approach and Experience of the Manipulation of Sports Competition

作　　者：张鹏[1,2] ZHANG Peng(China Academy of Rule of Law Modernization,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Law School,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院,南京210023 [2]南京师范大学法学院,南京210023

出　　处：《体育与科学》2023年第6期75-82,100,共9页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“中国国际体育法治话语权提升研究”,项目号:21BTY057。

摘　　要：《奥林匹克运动预防操纵体育赛事规则》和《欧盟委员会操纵体育赛事公约》明确界定操纵体育赛事的内涵,并从实施主体、主观目的、行为方式、责任设定等四个维度加以规定。国际体育仲裁实践表明:对于操纵体育赛事行为的处罚无需体育组织规则予以明文规定;体育组织就操纵体育赛事者所设定的禁赛期分属行政管理措施与纪律处罚两种不同情形;利益冲突的主体之间通过直接和间接两种不同方式操纵体育赛事;放心满意被确定为国际体育仲裁中操纵体育赛事案件的证明标准;国际体育仲裁中此类案件的证据采信标准有别于国家司法程序中的要求。以此为鉴,我国体育组织应将操纵体育赛事的规制置于与反兴奋剂同等重要的地位;统一厘清操纵体育赛事概念,保留独立监管权;设定比例原则要求和减轻责任考量情节;并推动国际合作和规则完善。Manipulation of competitions is prescribed in the Olympic Movement Code on the Prevention of the Manipulation of Com-petitions and the Council of Europe Convention on the Manipulation of Sports Competitions,mainly from four dimensions:control-ling persons,subjective purpose,mode of behavior and responsibility setting.In international sports arbitrations,it has been ruled that there is no need to explicitly stipulate the punishment for manipulation of competitions.The distinction between administrative measures and disciplinary punishments of sports organizations has been distinguished.It has been listed that the subjects with con-flicts of interest use direct and indirect ways of manipulation of competitions.Comfortable satisfaction standard has been ruled as the standard of proof.And the standard of evidence admissibility differs from the requirements of judicial proceedings in sovereign states.Taking this as a mirror,national sports associations in China should emphasize the importance of regulation of the manipula-tion of sporting competition as anti-doping,adopt the concept of manipulation of competitions in their rules,clarify independent su-pervision rights,set the requirements of the principle of proportionality and liability mitigating considerations,and promote interna-tional cooperation on the improvement of related rules.

关 键 词：操纵体育赛事 纪律处罚 利益冲突 放心满意标准 比例原则 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]